查看更多>>摘要：Organic acids are major determinants of fruit flavor and a primary focus of fruit crop breeding.The accumulation of organic acids is determined by their synthesis,degradation,and transport,all of which are manipulated by sophisticated genetic mechanisms.Constant exploration of the genetic basis of organic acid accumulation,especially through linkage analysis,association analysis,and evolutionary analysis,have identified numerous loci in recent decades.In this review,the genetic loci and genes responsible for malate and citrate contents in fruits are discussed from the genetic perspective.Technologies such as gene transformation and genome editing as well as efficient breeding using marker-assisted selection(MAS)and genomic selection(GS)are expected to break the bottleneck of traditional fruit crop breeding and promote fruit quality improvement.
查看更多>>摘要：Fruits are a rich source of nutrients,minerals,and dietary fibers for both humans and animals.While the gaseous phytohormone ethylene is well-known for its role in controlling fruit ripening,there is growing evidence that ethylene also plays crucial roles in regulating other developmental processes of fruits,such as sex determination,fruit set,and fruit growth.In this review,we aim to revisit these findings from various species like cucumber,melon,tomato,rice,maize,and more.These studies not only enhance our understanding of ethylene's function in fruits but also highlight the potential for manipulating ethylene to improve crops.Furthermore,we discuss recent studies that show the ethylene precursor ACC(1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLATE),and the ethylene signal-ing components EIN2(ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE2)and EIN3(ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3)have ethylene-independent function in specific conditions.This phenomenon,combined with findings of dosage-dependent ethylene functions in certain conditions,highlights the importance of analyzing mutants with completely blocked ethylene pathways in different species at specific developmental stages and tissue types.Overall,this review offers a timely and essential summary of ethylene's role in sex determination,fruit formation,and fruit growth,which could be beneficial for horticulture crop breeding.
查看更多>>摘要：Auxin response transcription factors(ARFs)form a large gene family,many of whose members operate at the final step of the auxin signaling pathway.ARFs participate directly in many aspects of plant growth and development.Here we summarize recent advances in understanding the roles of ARFs in regulating aspects of fleshy fruit development and ripening.ARFs play a crucial role in regulating fruit size,color,nutrients,texture,yield,and other properties that ultimately influence the ripening and quality of important crops such as tomato,apple,strawberry,and peach.ARFs impact these processes acting as positive,negative,or bidirectional regulators via phytohormone-dependent or-independent mechanisms.In the phytohormone-dependent pathway,ARFs act as a central hub linking interactions with multiple phytohormones generating diverse effects.The three domains within ARFs,namely the DNA-binding domain,the middle region,and the carboxy-terminal dimerization domain,exhibit distinct yet overlapping functions,contributing to a range of mechanisms mediated by ARFs.These findings not only provide a profound understanding of ARF functions,but also raise new questions.Further exploration can lead to a more comprehensive understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of fleshy fruit development and ripening mediated by ARFs.
万方数据