查看更多>>摘要：Regarding the approach of reducing risks of settlements,a system is considered to be resilient if it can address temporary and permanent risks and adapt itself to rapidly changing conditions without losing its functionality.To this end,a dynamic management approach on a local scale is needed for realizing resilience.Due to the importance of local management in improving resil-ience in cities,this study aims to assess the resilience capacity of the local risk management in terms of exposure to various crises in Tabriz,Iran.The findings in this study show that integrity and coordination in decision-or policy-making,enhancement of organizational and local ca-pacities,and confrontation or rehabilitation approaches in critical conditions and after that are not desirable in Tabriz.Also,the centralized and top-down approaches lead to no proper local planning and management that can facilitate the resilience measures.In light of no spatial equilibrium in Tabriz and the inefficiency of conventional planning and management systems,technocrat-oriented and top-down,changing the management practices and emphasizing the local and bottom-up approach are necessary for the thorough understanding of facilities and limitations and implementation of realistic planning.
查看更多>>摘要：Despite being the regions with the least levels of carbon emissions in the world,African countries are facing unique challenges on climate change,increased carbon emission levels and the need for environmental governance improvement.This study,therefore,examined the implications of economic growth and governance on CO2 emissions in West Africa.Specifically,the study investigated the role of governance in moderating the effect of economic growth on CO2 emis-sions in West Africa.The study utilized data for 16 West African countries from 2000 to 2020 in an unbalanced panel data framework.Empirical analyses were conducted using the Instrumental Variable Fixed Effects estimator with Driscoll and Kraay Standard Errors,as well as the Instru-mental Variable Quantile Regression in order to account for serial correlation,endogeneity and conditional heteroskedasticity.The following conclusions were drawn from the results.First,economic growth significantly increases CO2 emissions in the region with the Environmental Kuznet Curve hypothesis present.Second,the quantile regression estimates reveal that the effect of economic growth on CO2 emissions is higher in countries where the initial level of carbon emissions is considerably high.Third,the results further show that in the presence of improved governance quality,economic growth does not significantly influence CO2 emissions in the region.Fourth,political stability and regulatory quality were the only indicators of governance that significantly impacted environmental pollution in the region.Finally,we found that other factors such as trade,urbanization,and renewable energy also significantly influenced CO2 emissions in the region.The study concludes by highlighting the importance of governance in moderating the effect of economic growth on CO2 emissions,as well as the importance of heterogeneous analysis for understanding the dynamism in economic relationships.
查看更多>>摘要：Achieving carbon neutrality requires the fundamental transformation of the development para-digm,the disruptive technologies.With efficiency-improving technologies and carbon removal technologies alone,it is possible to move further towards low carbon but hard to achieve carbon neutrality.It can only be realized through thorough decoupling from fossil energy with disruptive technologies.This revolution aiming at carbon neutrality has not only made new ground in the energy market,but also the central task which is to revolutionize zero-carbon energy production and consumption through underlying changes to the relations of production and mode of distri-bution,thereby pushing forward the fundamental transformation of social development paradigm.
查看更多>>摘要：China's automotive industry has been dedicated to a series of carbon-reduction efforts and has strived for comprehensive green and low-carbon transformation in order to achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.On the basis of automobiles'whole life-cycle(WLC)carbon emission accounting,this paper calculates life-cycle carbon emissions per vehicle,proposes green and low-carbon development path for China's automotive industry,quantifies and analyzes im-plicated carbon-reduction potential,and puts forth suggestions for high-quality green and low-carbon development of China's automotive industry.The first is to establish a sound standard and data management system;the second is to promote research,development and application of low-carbon materials and low-carbon technologies;the third is to accelerate the pace of fostering a new consumption model in the automotive industry.The research results can further support national policy-making regarding carbon emissions,promote corporations'research,development and application of low-carbon technologies,encourage green and low-carbon consumption,and lead the automotive industry to achieve WLC neutrality.
查看更多>>摘要：Strategies to combat climate change may be based on mitigation of the phenomenon or on adaptation to its consequences.This paper aims to identify the driving factors of the choice between these two categories of strategies in the context of urban climate plans.The fight against climate change being characterized by a logic of free riding,the situation tilts the balance towards adaptation strategies in an urban context,to the detriment of mitigation.This hypothesis is tested here through a review of the existing literature on urban climate strategies.This study shows that,counterintuitively,mitigation prevails over adaptation in urban climate strategies up to now.This paper explores the explanations for this seemingly paradoxical situation.We argue that a big part of the explanation has to do with the institutional context of urban climate strategies,specifically the decision-making capacities of municipalities,or the fact that they take part in international networks promoting mitigation over adaptation.Other explanations rely on the cost/benefit impact of adopting mitigation or adaptation,like the collateral local/private benefits of urban climate strategies that are often bigger with mitigation than adaptation.Another finding is that there is no systematic planning making it compulsory to choose between mitigation and adaptation strate-gies,as they are in some instances complementary,providing co-benefits.
查看更多>>摘要：Hydrogen energy has an advantage over conventional fossil energy because of its clean and low-carbon features,while its stability gives it an advantage over renewable energy sources such as hydropower,photovoltaic(PV)power,and wind power.Using hydrogen as a fuel can achieve zero carbon emissions or even net zero emissions at the end of energy conversion.Moreover,with hydrogen as the carrier,an energy system of multi-energy complementarity will be established by coupling multiple energy systems such as power grids,gas grids and heat networks,which can realize the comprehensive utilization of renewable energy sources in an efficient,stable,and flexible manner.Based on the"dual carbon"goals,this paper targets sectors with high carbon emissions represented by electric power,steel and transportation,analyzes the feasible path of using hydrogen energy to promote deep carbon reduction,and points out the obstacles faced by hydrogen energy development in various sectors.On account of the current development and expected prospects,this paper proposes that the current focus of hydrogen energy industry is to coordinate the development of industrial sectors and regions,build a pattern that can facilitate the industry's systematic and concerted development,address key technical challenges(such as green hydrogen production or hydrogen storage and transportation via pipeline),improve industrial standards,and promote the industry's development in a balanced,coordinated and orderly way.
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