查看更多>>摘要：目的 掌握山东省滕州市重点人群碘营养状况，为今后碘缺乏病防治工作提供科学依据。 方法 2017 - 2021年，采用分层整群抽样方法，每年在滕州市的21个碘缺乏病镇（街道）按东、西、南、北、中划分5个抽样片区，每个片区抽取1个镇（街道）为监测点；每个镇（街道）抽取1所小学的40名8 ~ 10岁非寄宿学生（男女各半、年龄均衡）及20名孕妇（孕早、中、晚期均衡），采集家中食用盐盐样和随意1次尿样进行盐碘及尿碘含量检测。 结果 共采集家中食用盐盐样1 506份，盐碘中位数为24.29 mg/kg，碘盐覆盖率为96.55%（1 454/ 1 506），碘盐合格率为93.40%（1 358/1 454），合格碘盐食用率为90.17%（1 358/1 506）；不同年份盐碘中位数、碘盐覆盖率比较，差异均有统计学意义（H = 119.61，P < 0.001；χ 2 = 14.53，P = 0.006）。共采集8 ~ 10岁儿童尿样1 000份，尿碘中位数为182.20 μg/L，不同年份、性别、年龄及城乡儿童尿碘中位数比较，差异均有统计学意义（H = 38.18、13.96、49.30、8.34，均P < 0.05）。共采集孕妇尿样499份，尿碘中位数为152.40 μg/L，不同年份间比较，差异有统计学意义（ H = 20.09，P < 0.001）。 结论 滕州市儿童和孕妇碘营养均处于适宜水平；但合格盐碘食用率、孕妇尿碘水平均处于标准下限，且存在波动，有碘缺乏风险。相关部门应重点加强碘盐管理、重点人群碘缺乏监测和健康教育工作，做到科学补碘、持续稳定碘营养适宜状态。 Objective To investigate the iodine nutrition status of key populations in Tengzhou City, Shandong Province, and provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders in the future. Methods From 2017 to 2021, a stratified cluster sampling method was adopted, 21 iodine deficiency disorders towns (streets) in Tengzhou City were divided into 5 sampling areas based on east, west, south, north, and center, with 1 town (street) selected as the monitoring site from each area every year 40-non boarding students aged 8 - 10 (half male and half famale, age balanced) from one primary school and 20 pregnant women (early, middle, late pregnancy balanced) were selected from each town (street), and their household salt and urine samples were collected for test of salt iodine and urine iodine contents. Results A total of 1 506 household salt samples were collected, the median salt iodine was 24.29 mg/kg, the coverage rate of iodized salt was 96.55% (1 454/ 1 506), the qualified rate of iodized salt was 93.40% (1 358/1 454), and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 90.17% (1 358/1 506). There were statistically significant differences in the median salt iodine and coverage rate of iodized salt among different years (H = 119.61, P < 0.001 χ 2 = 14.53, P = 0.006). A total of 1 000 urine samples were collected from children aged 8 - 10, with a median urine iodine of 182.20 μg/L. The differences in urine iodine between different years, genders, ages, and urban and rural children were statistically significant ( H = 38.18, 13.96, 49.30, 8.34, P < 0.05). A total of 499 urine samples were collected from pregnant women, with a median urine iodine of 152.40 μg/L. There were statistically significant differences in the median urine iodine of pregnant women in different years ( H = 20.09, P < 0.001). Conclusions The iodine nutrition of children and pregnant women in Tengzhou City is at an appropriate level. However, the consumption rate of qualified salt iodine and the urine iodine level of pregnant women are at the lower limit of the standard, and there are fluctuations, posing a risk of iodine deficiency. Relevant departments should focus on strengthening the management of iodized salt, monitoring iodine deficiency among key populations, and providing health education to achieve scientific iodine supplementation and sustained stable iodine nutrition suitability.
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