Sofia TisoccoS?ren WeinrichGary LyonsMichael Wills...
125-139页
查看更多>>摘要：Mathematical modeling of anaerobic digestion is a powerful tool to predict gas yields and optimize the process.The Anaerobic Digestion Model No.1(ADM1)is a widely implemented model for this purpose.However,modeling full-scale biogas plants is challenging due to the extensive substrate and parameter characterization required.This study describes the modification of the ADM1 through a simplification of individual process phases,characteristic components and required parameters.Consequently,the ability of the simplified model to simulate the co-digestion of grass silage and cattle slurry was evaluated using data from a full-scale biogas plant.The impacts of substrate composition(crude carbohydrate,protein and lipid concentration)and variability of carbohydrate degradability on simulation results were assessed to identify the most influential parameters.Results indicated that the simplified version was able to depict biogas and biomethane production with average model efficiencies,according to the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency(NSE)coefficient,of 0.70 and 0.67,respectively,and was comparable to the original ADM1(average model efficiencies of 0.71 and 0.63,respectively).The variability of crude carbohydrate,protein and lipid concentration did not significantly impact biogas and biomethane output for the data sets explored.In contrast,carbohydrate degradability seemed to explain much more of the variability in the biogas and methane production.Thus,the application of simplified models provides a reliable basis for the process simulation and optimization of full-scale agricultural biogas plants.
查看更多>>摘要：Recently,research on hydrogel materials with a porous structure and superior water absorption capabilities significantly grown.However,the hydrogel under gravity-driven separation conditions often exhibit an unstable pore structure,poor mechanical properties,and limited functionality.To this end,this work presents a novel approach that combines a macro-micro double bionic strategy with a triple crosslinking method to develop a multifunctional alginate composite hydrogel filter(2％-SA-k-CG-PVA-Ca2+,2％SKP-Ca2+for short)with a stable pore structure and superior mechanical properties,which possessed an umbrella-shaped structure resembling that of jellyfish.The 2％-SKP-Ca2+filter was synthesized using polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)as a stable structure-directing agent,and sodium alginate(SA)and x-carrageenan(k-CG)as polymer hydrogels.The distinctive umbrella-shaped hydrogel of 2％-SKP-Ca2+filter,formed through the triple crosslinking method,overcomes the limitations of unstable pore structure and poor durability seen in hydrogels prepared by traditional crosslinking methods.Furthermore,the utilization of the 2％-SKP-Ca2+filter in water treatment demonstrates its good selective permeability,excellent resistance to fouling,and extended longevity,which enables it to simultaneously achieve the multifunctional water purification and the coating of multi-substrate anti-fouling coatings.Therefore,not only does this research provide an efficient,multi-functional,highly pollution-resistant preparation method for designing a new filter,but it also confirms the application prospect of the macro-micro dual bionic strategy developed in this study in complex water treatment.
查看更多>>摘要：Anaerobic digestion(AD)of organic fraction of municipal solid waste(OFMSW)is prone to system breakdown under high organic loading rates(OLRs)condition,which subsequently reduces the efficiency of digestion process and results in substantial economic losses.In this perspective paper,the substances metabolisms,electrons flow,as well as microbial interaction mechanisms within AD process are comprehensively discussed,and the underlying bottleneck that causes inefficient methane production is identified,which is"electrons surplus".Systems encountering severe electron surplus are at risk of process failure,making it crucial to proactively prevent this phenomenon through appropriate approaches.On this basis,the present perspective proposes three potential electronic regulation strategies to prevent electrons surplus,namely,electron shunt,accelerating electron transfer and regulating methanogenic metabolism pathway,and presents specific methodologies for each strategy.Furthermore,the potential solutions to challenges that may occur during the electronic regulation process are also presented in this paper.This perspective aims to provide innovative approaches to achieve the efficient and stable operation of OFMSW anaerobic digestion,especially under high OLRs condition.
NETL
NSTL
万方数据