Mohammad Anwar HOSSAINMirza HASANUZZAMANMasayuki FUJITA
1-14页
查看更多>>摘要：The purpose of this study was to assess the synergistic effects of exogenously applied proline and glycinebetaine (betaine) in antioxidant defense and methylglyoxal (MG) detoxification system in mung bean h). Seven-day-old mung bean seedlings were exposed to salt stress after pre-treatment with proline or betaine. Salt stress caused a sharp increase in reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) content in leaves, while the GSH/GSSG ratio and ascorbate (AsA) content decreased significantly. The glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glyoxalase Ⅱ(Gly Ⅱ) activities were increased in response to salt stress, while the monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), catalase (CAT) and glyoxalase Ⅰ(Gly Ⅰ) activities sharply decreased with an associated increase in hydrogen peroxide (H<,2>O<,2>) and lipid peroxidation level (MDA). Proline or betaine pre-treatment had little influence on nonenzymatic and enzymatic components as compared to those of the untreated control. However, proline or betaine pre-treated salt-stressed seedlings showed an increase in AsA, GSH content, GSH/GSSG ratio and maintained higher activities of APX, DHAR, GR, GST, GPX, CAT, Gly Ⅰand Gly Ⅱ involved in ROS and MG detoxification system as compared to those of the untreated control and mostly also salt-stressed plants with a simultaneous decrease in GSSG content, H<,2>O<,2> and MDA level. These results together with our previous results suggest that coordinate induction of antioxidant defense and glyoxalase system by proline and betaine rendered the plants tolerant to salinity-induced oxidative stress in a synergistic fashion.
查看更多>>摘要：A RIL population from two Australian wheats, Lang and CSCR6, was employed to evaluate the genetic variation and to detect QTL associated with dough theological characters based on DArT and SSR markers and two environmental experiments. It was showed that the higher variation existed in the RIL for dough rheological characters,and so did much more abundant selection potentials that lacked in Chinese current commercial varieties. Nine additive QTLs for dough rheological characters were identified. Of which those for water absorption (WA) were located on chromosome 2A and 5A, stability time (ST) on 4B and 1B, breaking time (BT) on 1B, degree of softening (DS) on 1B,band width (BW) on 2B (two loci), evaluation value (EV) on 1B. And seven epistatic QTLs were screened out, and nonsignificant variance was found for the interaction between these epistatic QTLs and the environment. Correlation analysis indicated that there was a significantly positive relation between WA and development time (DT), and EV,whereas negatively related to BW. A significantly positive relation existed between DT, ST, BT and EV each other. They were negatively related to mixing tolerance index (MTI) and degree of softening (DS), both had a markedly positive relation.
查看更多>>摘要：Phosphorus is one of the essential mineral nutrients required by all living cells. Phosphate mobilization into the plant is a complex process in which the absorption and translocation of this major nutrient are determined largely by the phosphate (Pi) transporters. In this paper, the recent progress on the plant phosphate (Pi)transporter genes, such as the molecular characterizations,expression patterns in response to Pi status, other inorganic nutrients, and the other factors, expression regulations via arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis, mechanisms of transcriptional regulation, functional identification approaches, and the gene engineering perspectives on improvement of plant phosphorus nutrition, etc., have been reviewed. The purpose of this paper is to provide a theoretical basis for further elucidation of the molecular mechanism of Pi transportation mediated by Pi transporters and to promote the generation of elite crop germplasms with a significant improvement in phosphorus use efficiency in the future.
查看更多>>摘要：This review article is based on different aspects of wheat breeding for drought tolerance. Drought is regarded as one of the most serious threats to agriculture in Pakistan. Therefore, breeding for drought tolerance must be given top priority. Here, we try to study various options available to wheat breeders exploring the underlying mechanisms of drought tolerance. The progress made in conventional and non-conventional (molecular) based approaches with potential findings and constraints are reviewed in this article. Equipped with such information, it will be possible for breeders to further explore the mysteries of drought tolerance and to select genotypes with an improved yield under water-deficit conditions.
查看更多>>摘要：Seeds of two varieties (PUSA-212 and BG-256) of chickpea (Citer arietinum L.) were treated with 0.03% concentration of hydrazine hydrate (HZ), methylmethane sulphonate (MMS) and sodium azidc (SA) for 6 h. The M<,2> generation was grown from single plant M<,1> progeny seeds. Five morphological mutants (dwarf, bushy, one sided branch, narrow leaf and gigas) were isolated in M<,2> generation. Some of these mutants may be directly used in selection whereas some are useful in combination breeding programs.
查看更多>>摘要：To inhibit the browning process in fruits of Yali pear, in this paper, antisense gene techniques were used to reduce the expression of PPO gene. A cDNA fragment of 450 bp, which is located at the 3' terminal of the polyphenol oxidase (PPO) gene, was amplified from Yali pear using the RT-PCR method, then the antisense expression vector was constructed by inserting the fragment of the Yali pear PPO gene between the CaMV promoter and NOS terminator of the expression vector pBI121 in a reverse orientation. After that, with the agrobacterium-mediated method, the PPO antisense gene was transformed into Yali pear shoots. Northern blot analysis and enzyme activity assay showed that the PPO activities in the transgenic Yali pear shoots were significantly decreased, compared with the non-transformed Yali pear shoots. This lays a good foundation for breeding new varieties of pears with browning resistance in the future.
查看更多>>摘要：The effects of growth regulators on the respiration metabolism of pear buds during dormant period were studied in this experiment. The results showed that, during early dormant period, the respiration intensity of pear buds was infirm and increased slowly. As the weather became very cold, the respiration intensity rapidly declined, and after that it changed a little. In the later stage of dormant period, the respiration intensity rose rapidly. The maximum value appeared on January 4th, at 0.390 mol O2·g<'-1> FW·min<'1>, but thereafter declined to its original level. Under natural conditions, three respiratory pathways showed different changes. Pentose phosphate pathway might be the main reason for dormancy release in pear buds. The exogenous gibberellins were more efficient than salicylic acid in increasing the respiration rate. The exogenous SA appeared to play a more important role than exogenous GA<,3> in phosphopentose pathway. The effect of gibberellins would be more effective than SA in tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA). The respiration rate of glycolysis was not affected by gibberellins and salicylic acid.
Tariq AFTABM. Masroor A. KHANMohd. IDREESM. NAEEM...
51-59页
查看更多>>摘要：Artemisia annua L. is an aromatic-antibacterial herb that destroys malarial parasites, lowers fever, and checks bleeding, and from which the secondary compound of interest is artemisinin. It has become increasingly popular as an effective and safe alternative therapy against malaria, and its derivatives are effective against multidrug resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains. Nitrogen is required by the plants in the largest quantity and is most limiting where biomass production is desired. On the other hand, gibbereilic acid plays an important role in flowering, growth, and development and also in other physiological and biochemical processes. The feasibility of fofiar GA3 (75 mg. L<'1>) aloneor with varying levels of soil applied nitrogen (40, 80, and 120 mg. kg<'-1> soil) was tested on A. annua in the present study.The application of GA<,3> proved effective in alleviating the growth, photosynthesis, and enzyme activities of A. annua.However, N levels combined with GA<,3> showed better responses, and further improvement in these parameters was observed. Furthermore, the most important task we were interested in was to increase the artemisinin content and its yield on a per plant basis. The N combination (80 mg. kg<'-1> soil) together with GA<,3> augmented the content (21.8% more)and yield (55.8% more); this is true for both the treated plants, which were more than the control.
Ram Kailash P. YADAVKaterina KARAMANOLIDespoina VOKOU
60-63页
查看更多>>摘要：In the present study, we estimated the size of phyllosphere bacterial populations in young and mature leaves from the same plants and also assessed the population abundance on adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces. We examined eight perennial species naturally occurring in the same area, in Halkidiki (northern Greece). They are Arbutus unedo,Quercus coccifera, Pistacia lentiscus, and Myrtus communis (evergreen sclerophyllous species), Lavandula stoechas and Cistus incanus (drought semideciduous species), and Calamintha nepeta and Melissa officinalis (nonwoody perennial species). Young and mature leaves were examined from the four sclerophylious evergreen species for their epiphytic bacterial colonization, and it was found that mature leaves were highly populated compared to the younger ones except in M. communis. As regards the bacterial colonization of the two leaf surfaces, no differences were found in most species except for the drought semideciduous type where the two leaf surfaces behaved differently.
查看更多>>摘要：Phosphoinositide-specifie phosphollpase C plays pivotal roles in a host of physiologic processes in both animals and plants. Animal PI-PLC is regulated by heterotrimeric G-protein. Plant PI-PLCs are structurally close to the mammalian PI-PLC-ζ isoform, and it is not testified what regulated this isoform enzyme. In this paper, two isoform genes of LdPLC (Pan, 2005) and three subunits of heterotrimeric G-protein in Arabidopsis were amplified and recombinated with plasmids of a yeast two-hybrid system. Using this system, we provided the evidence that LdPLC1 and Gβ subunit could be able to interact with each other. This result indicated that LdPLC1 might be regulated by Gprotein.
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