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中国农学前沿
高等教育出版社,Springer
中国农学前沿

高等教育出版社,Springer

季刊

1673-7334

100029

北京市朝阳区惠新东街4号富盛大厦15层

中国农学前沿/Journal Frontiers of Agriculture in China
查看更多>>涉及领域主要包括作物学、园艺学、植物保护、农业资源利用、畜牧、水产、兽医学、食品科学与加工等。
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    Physiological and biochemical changes associated with flower development and senescence in Consolida ajacis Nieuwl cv.Violet blue

    Shahri WASEEMTahir INAYATULLAH
    201-208页
    查看更多>>摘要:Flower development of Consolida ajacis cv. Violet blue growing in the Kashmir University Botanic Garden (KUBG) was divided into six stages (Ⅰ-Ⅵ) from the tight bud stage to the senescent stage. The average life span of an individual flower after it is fully open is about 4 days. Membrane permeability of sepal tissues estimated as electrical conductivity of leachates increased during senescence. The content of sugars and soluble proteins in the sepal tissues increased during flower opening and declined thereafter during senescence. The a-amino acid content registered an increase as the flowers opened and senesced. The protease activity increased as the flower progressed toward senescence. Flower opening was closely correlated to the sugar status of sepals, while the increase in the protease activity was commensurate with the decrease in the tissue content of soluble protein levels. The results suggested that the reduction in sugar status and the elevation in protease activity are among the important changes associated with the sepal senescence of Consolida ajacis flowers. SDS-PAGE of protein extracts from sepal tissues suggested a general decrease in the expression of some high molecular weight proteins and an increase in low molecular weight proteins during the flower development and senescence. At this stage, it is not known whether these polypeptides play an important role in the senescence of C. Ajacis flowers. Understanding the nature of these proteins can provide new insights into the pathways to execute the senescence and the post-transcriptional regulation of senescence in this flower system.

    Genomic organization and sequence polymorphism of a farnesyl diphosphate synthase gene in apples (Malus domestica Borkh.)

    Kejun YUANLixiang HuangChengxiang AIHairong WEI...
    209-214页
    查看更多>>摘要:Primer pairs were designed to amplify the genomic DNA sequence of the farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPPS) gene by PCR. The PCR products were sequenced, spliced and compared to the cDNA sequence in the GenBank (accession No. AY083165). The genomic sequence and intron-exon organization of FPPSI gene in the apple cultivar ‘Fuji' were thus obtained. The FPPSI genomic sequence has been registered in the GenBank (accession No. HM545312). It has 11 introns and 12 exons. The sizes of 11 introns were 559 bp, 108 bp, 144 bp, i14 bp, 84 bp, 690 bp, 373 bp, 168 bp, 87 bp, 91 bp and 97bp, and their phases were 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0 and 0, respectively. The sizes of 12 exons were 111 bp, 25 bp, 116 bp, 87 bp, 117bp, 89 bp, 52 bp, 96 bp, 45 bp, 90 bp, 72 bp and> 12 bp, respectively. Gene sequence comparison results of five apple cultivars indicated that the development of apple superficial scald was not influenced by the mutations in the exon sequence of FPPS1 gene. A 6-bp repeat unit deletion mutation and many SNP mutations in the introns, mainly in the introns of one allele, were identified in the apple scald-resistant cultivar ‘Golden Delicious'. This is the first report on the genomic organization and coding region polymorphism of FPPS gene in apples and other fruit trees.

    Generation and identification of four new monosomic addition lines of flowering Chinese cabbage-Chinese kale

    Erqiao SHENXiaofeng LIChenghe ZHANGXine WANG...
    215-220页
    查看更多>>摘要:A selection test of four new flowering Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. Var. Utilis Tsen et Lee)-Chinese kale (Brassica alboglabra Bailey) monosomic alien addition lines was conducted by karyotype analysis and morphological marker identification. The results mainly showed the following: 61‘2n + 1' plants screened out from 655 progeny plants of the trigenomic hybrid (AAC) backcrossed with its parent flowering Chinese cabbage (AA), four new monosomic alien addition lines(AA + C1, AA + Cs, AA + C8 and AA + C9) obtained from the 61 ‘2n + 1' plants, the transmission rates of the monosomic alien addition lines (AA + C1, AA + Cs and AA + Cs) of 19.7%, 23.44%, and 36.51% by female gametes and 7.84%, 8.89%, and 9.43% by male gametes, respectively, and the alien chromosome C-1 and C-5 had partial homology with at least one chromosome of A-genome.

    Comparison of the methods of RNA isolation from Juglans regia L.buds

    Fuqiang HEHongxia WANGXiaobo SONGZhihua ZHANG...
    221-224页
    查看更多>>摘要:In this paper, four RNA extraction methods (CTAB method, TRIzol method, D326A reagent and RP3301 Kit) for walnut buds were compared by agarose gel electrophoresis and spectrophotometry, and the optimal method was verified further by Reverse transcription and PCR amplification (RT-PCR). There was a certain degree of degradation for the extracted RNA by CTAB method, Trlzol method and D326A reagent. Moreover, protein was found in the CTAB method. For the three unsatisfactory methods, longer operation time could be the main reason that RNA could not be separated in time with polyphenols, polysaccharides and other secondary metabolites. RP3301 kit was suitable for the RNA extraction from walnut buds with high purity, simplicity, innocuity and no degradation. This research will provide a fundamental basis for the cloning and expression analysis of genes and other follow-up tests.

    N-catch crops affect soil profile nitrate-N accumulation during vegetable cultivation

    Yanzhi JIXiaotang JUWanzhong FENGLijuan ZHANG...
    225-230页
    查看更多>>摘要:To reduce nitrate leaching, the effects of three N-catch crops of sweet corn (Zea mays L.), amaranth (Amaranthus spp.), and sweet sorghum (Sorghum Linn.) on nitrate-N accumulation in the soil profile were examined using an incubation experiment. Results showed that the biomass and N absorbed by sweet corn were the largest compared with the other two N-catch crop treatments. Root length density for sweet corn, amaranth, and sweet sorghum in the 0-150 cm soil layer was 0.66, 0.34 and 0.46 cm/cm3, respectively, and root dry weight was 0.065, 0.021 and 0.038 mg/cm3, respectively. In the 0-200 cm soil layer, nitrate-N accumulation for fallow, mature sweet sorghum, amaranth, and sweet corn was 1124.7, 899.4, 867.4 and 794.2 kg/hm2, respectively, where the treatment of sweet corn had the smallest N-accumulation. The nitrate-N leachability of fallow, sweet corn, amaranth, and sweet sorghum treatment was 3.6, 1.9, 2.4 and 2.6 kg/hm2, respectively, indicating that cropping of sweet corn, amaranth, and sweet sorghum could reduce the leachability by 47%, 35% and 28% in comparison with fallow treatment. Therefore, the cultivation of N-catch crops can reduce nitrate leaching in seasonal soil, and the sweet corn might be the most suitable catch crop.

    Impacts of abiotic factors on population fluctuation of insect fauna of Vigna radiata and Tetranychus urticae Koch in Sindh, Pakistan

    Yasir Ahmed KHANWajad NAZEERAsifa HAMEEDJehanzeb FAROOQ...
    231-236页
    查看更多>>摘要:Effect of temperature and relative humidity on population dynamics of insect pests of mung bean was studied during mung bean growing season of 2005. Insect pests included thrips (Thrips tabaci Lind.) and field cricket (Gryllus assimilis) and one arachnid pest mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch). Results revealed that the maximum population ofthrips and mites was observed on August 23, 2005 with 1.537±0.031 per leaf and July 6, 2005 with 3.271±0.09 per leaf, respectively. The population of field cricket differed significantly during crop season and reached its peak during the initial stage of crop growth on June 14, 2005, I.e., 0.873±0.014 per plant at the temperature and relative humidity of 32℃ and 54%, respectively, while the minimum population was noted on August, I.e., 0.710±0.010 per plant. Present studies conclusively document the correlation of weather factors and insect pest population. Temperature had a negative and significant correlation with thrips (r =- 0.860) and a positive and significant correlation with mites (r = 0.606) and field cricket (r = 0.439). However, the relative humidity displayed a positive and significant correlation with thrips (r=0.569), a negative non-significant correlation with mites (r=- 0.313), and a significant negative correlation with field cricket (r =- 0.770).

    Additive insect-resistant effects of transgenic triploid Chinese white poplar against Clostera anachoreta

    Shengliang YUANMinsheng YANGBaojia GAO
    237-240页
    查看更多>>摘要:Two generations of Clostera anachoreta (Fabricius) larvae were fed continuously with leaves of selected clones of transgenic (Bt + API) triploid Chinese white poplar in order to evaluate additive insect-resistant effects of transgenic triploid Chinese white poplar. When the two generations were subcuitured with the high and medium level insect-resistant transgenic poplar, the high and medium level insect-resistant transgenic poplar manifested its obvious additive resistance to C. Anachoreta (Fabricius), with higher mortality of the second generation C. Anachoreta (Fabricius) larvae and longer larvae growth period of the second generation than those of the first generation. Furthermore, the weight of pupa and the fecundity of the second generation were lower than those of the first generation. However, there was no significant difference between both generations when subcultured with iow level insect-resistant transgenic poplar. These results implied that the population of C. Anachoreta (Fabricius) would decline gradually to under the economic threshold even when planting the medium level insect-resistant transgenic poplars in the environment.

    Seed germination techniques of Phoenix dactylifera: A new experience from Bangladesh

    Salim AZADTabiur RAHMANAbdul MATIN
    241-246页
    查看更多>>摘要:A new experiment on seed germination technique for Phoenix dactylifera, an exotic species was conducted in the nursery of Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Bangladesh. The seeds imported from Saudi Arabia were collected from Nirala Central Mosque, Khulna, Bangladesh, in September 2008 and treated with four presowing treatments (control, immersion in normal water at room temperature (20-22℃) for 12 h, immersion in sun-heated water (25-35℃) for 12 h, and immersion in hot water (50C) for 10 h) before seed germination with different germination media (well dried loamy soil, coarse sand, mixture of coarse and fine sand at a ratio of 3:1, mixture of coarse and fine sand at a ratio of 3:2, and mixture of coarse and fine sand at a ratio of 1:1). The experiment showed that presowing treatments significantly increased the germination rates of seeds compared to those in control (68%) and hot water treatment (69%). The highest germination success (84%) was found in the immersion in normal water and sunheated water for 12 h. Experiment also showed that seed germination with course sand and mixture of coarse and fine sand with a ratio of 3:1 performed better than the loamy soil. Germination started from 21 to 26 days and completed between 38-40 days of the germination period in all treatments. ANOVA showed a significant difference among the treatments in seed germination, but there was no significant difference among the media in seed germination. Normal water and sun-heated water for 12 h for pretreatment and coarse sand or mixture of coarse and fine sand at a ratio of 3:1 may be recommended for seed germination of the species in rural Bangladesh.

    Effects of harvesting time on fruit quality and internal browning of 'Wonhuwang' pear during cold storage

    Limei LIJunfeng GUANJingang HE
    247-250页
    查看更多>>摘要:Average fruit weight, seed browning, flesh firmness, total soluble solids, internal browning, and skin blackening were used to determine the optimum harvesting time of ‘Wonhuwang' pear. Pears for storage were picked three times at 5-day intervals before, during, and after estimated optimum harvesting date. Average fruit weight and seed browning degree were calculated at each picking time. Quality changes, internal browning, and skin blackening were employed to estimate the optimum harvest date. It was found that fruit quality parameters both at harvest and after storage depended on the stage of ripeness at which the pears were picked. Pears harvested earliest (H1) had the highest firmness both before and after storage and lost less percentage of their firmness during storage. The latest picked pears (H3) showed higher total soluble solids value and serious internal browning and skin blackening due to their over ripeness. Pears picked on the 15th of August (H2) had higher firmness and total soluble solids, lower extent of internal browning, and no skin blackening. Based on the changes in fruit firmness and physiologic disorder during ripening and storage, the optimal harvesting time for ‘Wonhuwang' pear in Shijiazhuang area is around the 15th of August.

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