查看更多>>摘要：An experiment was conducted to access the genetic variability among early vigour and quantitative traitsunder limited moisture in F2 generation of a 5 x 5 diallel cross of bread wbeat.The results indicated that there wassignificant genotypic variation among the genotypes.Additive dominance model revealed full fitness of the data for RL,DSW,FRW,DRW,spike length,and lOOO-grain weight but was partially fit for SL,FSW,R/S,tillers per seedling,plantheight tillers per plant,spikelets per spike,and grain yield per plant.The partially adequate models for these plantcharacters might be due to the presence of non-allelic interaction,linkage,and non-independent distribution of thegenes in the parents.Additive genes coupled with moderate to high narrow sense heritability were involved in theheritage of all the traits,which indicated a higher scope of selection in early generations.
查看更多>>摘要：To investigate the frequency of occurrence and the concentrations ofaflatoxins (AFs),deoxynivalenol (DON),zearalenone (ZEN) and fumonisins (FBs) in naturally infected maize,25 samples of maize collected from fields in Hebei Province,China,were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).The maize samples were found to be frequently contaminated with DON (68％),ZEN (60％) and FBs (32％) in the range from 28 to 2533 μg/kg,60 to 1239 μg/kg and 150 to 4480 μg/kg,respectively.The average concentration found for DON,ZEN and FB1 + FB2 were 605,238 and 418 μg/kg,respectively.The average concentration of DON (605 pg/kg) in our samples was below the maximum tolerable limit of 1000 μg/kg set as the Chinese standard for maize,while ZEN (238 μg/kg) was almost four times as high as the maximum tolerable limit of 60 μg/kg.The overall level of FB (FB1 + FB2) contamination was relatively low,with an average concentration of 418 μg/kg in 32％ (8 of 25) of maize samples from Hebei.AFs were not detected in any of the tested samples.This is the first report on the natural occurrence of multimycotoxin in maize in China.
查看更多>>摘要：Land evaluation is the process of predicting land use potential on the basis of its attributes.In the present study,the physical land suitability evaluation approach was investigated for specific cereal crops including irrigated wheat,barley,grain maize and sorghum,based on FAO land evaluation frameworks (FAO,1976,1983,1985) and the proposed method by Sys et al.(1991) at Mashhad Plain,Northeast Iran.Twenty eight soil profiles were studied on seven land units by a precise soil survey and their morphological and physicochemical properties were determined.Climatic and land qualities/characteristics of four cereal crops were determined using the tables of crop requirements developed by Sys et al.(1993).An interpolation function was used to map values to scores in terms of land qualities/characteristics for land utilization types and the evaluation was carried out according to parametric approaches.The interpolation technique using GIS functions helped in managing the spatial data and visualizing the results.Our results indicated that the most important limiting factors for irrigated wheat and barley cultivations are soil physical and fertility/chemical properties,while the production of irrigated grain maize and sorghum is mainly limited by climatic conditions at Mashhad Plain.It was shown that all land units suitable for irrigated wheat cultivation overlap with that of barley,whereas the same limiting factors resulted in the overlapping of the irrigated grain maize production area with that of sorghum.The results of the physical land suitability evaluation for specific cereal crops indicated the priority of irrigated barley and wheat cultivations over irrigated grain maize and sorghum at the study area.
Mohd Rafiq WANISamiullah KHANMohammad Imran KOZGAR
514-518页
查看更多>>摘要：A systematic and comparative study on the frequency and spectrum of chlorophyll mutations induced by ethylmethane sulphonate (EMS) - an alkylating agent,hydrazine hydrate (HZ) - a base analogue and sodium azide (SA)- a respiratory inhibitor,was carried out in two mungbean varieties,namely,PDM-11 and NM-1.A wide spectrum of chlorophyll mutants was obtained in the M2 generation.All these chlorophyll-deficient mutants were lethal except maculata,viridis and virescent.Chlorina followed by xantha types were predominant in both the varieties.EMS treatments induced the highest frequency of chlorophyll mutations followed by HZ and SA.The frequency of chlorophyll mutations was dose-dependent and increased with the mutagen concentration.Based on effectiveness in both varieties,the order of mutagens was HZ ＞ SA ＞ EMS.Two criteria viz.,pollen sterility (Mp/S) and seedling injury (Mp/I) were taken into consideration to determine the efficiency of the mutagens.EMS was found to be the most efficient mutagen followed by HZ and SA.Moderate concentrations of the mutagens were the most effective and efficient in inducing mutations.
查看更多>>摘要：Using the Jihong 8937 variety of adzuki bean (Phaseolus angularis) as material,two kinds of plant growth regulator (PGRs),PP333 and NAA,were sprayed on the leaves,in order to study their effects on the growing courses,dry matter accumulation and yields.Three concentrations for each of the PGRs were applied,with a naturally growing plant as the control (CK).Results showed that each concentration of PP333 could advance the developmental course but the NAA was reverse.There was no difference between the two kinds of PGRs in the whole growing course.The lower and medium concentrations of PP333 could increase the dry matter accumulation,but the others showed the contrary.The lower and the medium concentrations of these PGRs could increase the contents of dissolvable protein and chlorophyll,but their higher concentrations had inhabiting effects.Our research also found that their lower and medium concentrations could consistently increase this bean's yield,but the higher concentration reduced it.As a whole,the medium concentration of PP333 was found as the best combination to improve the growth and development of adzuki beans.
查看更多>>摘要：In this paper,taking SSR and functional gene sequence as the primers and the plasmid of first- and secondlevel pools of bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library as templates,the PCR method was used for specific clones of different chromosomes in Chinese cabbage.The results showed that the number of positive clones was 1-11 per primer and the average number of clone was 3.9 by screening 19200 clones of BAC library using 12 pairs of SSR primers from 10 linkage groups individually,which were nearly consistent with about 3.4 times of genome coverage.Positive clones were acquired in chromosome Nos.2 to 5 and 8 to 10 without screening with the positive clones in chromosome Nos.1,6,and 7.In addition,the primer of FLC1 functional gene of chromosome No.10 was used for PCR screening,and two BAC clones containing FLC1 gene were acquired.Therefore,different specific BAC clones of chromosomes were taken by using SSR primer and functional gene primer.Specific clone screening of chromosomes could provide a probe for identifying the chromosome accurately.Meanwhile,the BAC library screening method was optimized,serving as an effective technical means for quick BAC clone screening.
查看更多>>摘要：In order to improve the sensory quality of Yali perry and choose fruits specially suitable for mixed fermentation with Yali pear,11 kinds of fruits were selected and contrasted,including hawthorn,kiwifruit,Kyoho grape,Brown plum,Fuji apple,Nanguo pear,Dongzao jujube,Mopan persimmon,Korla pear,and Chi pear.These fruits were mixed separately with Yali pear,thus turning out 64 different types of mixed perries.The assessment on products was made based on the physiochemical indexes,aroma components via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS),and comparison between the qualities of the mixed perries via sensory evaluation and principal component analysis (PCA).Based on the PCA on the physiochemical indexes of 39 mixed perries and aroma components of 7 mixed perries,the models aiming at evaluating perry flavor and aroma quality were established,which were compatible with those of sensory evaluation; based on the sensory evaluation and PCA,hawthorn,plum,grape,and apple were suitable specially for mixing brewing,among which the hawthorn-Yali perry in the proportion of 25:100 and plum-Yali perry in the proportion of 40:100 scored the highest.The results will be helpful to the development of perry industry.
查看更多>>摘要：The effects of incorporation SA into KNO3 priming solution on the germination and emergence of eggplant seeds at 15℃ were investigated.Seeds were primed into 3％ KNO3 containing 0.05,0.1,0.5,or 1 mM salicylic acid (SA) for 6 days,respectively.After the priming,seeds were either immediately used for germination and emergence test at 15℃ or stored at 4℃ for 1 month and then for the germination test.The primed eggplant seeds in general improved the final germination percentage (FGP),germination rate (Gso),and germination synchrony (E10-90) at 15℃ compared with non-priming seeds.Priming seeds in 3％ KNO3 solution supplement with 0.1 mM SA resulted in the best priming effect compared with other priming treatments and non-priming treatment,and all of the beneficial priming effects were still retained after stored at 4℃ for 30 days.These results indicated that priming seeds in 3％ KNO3 solution containing 0.1 mM SA could be used as an effective method to improve low-temperature performance of eggplant seeds and subsequent seedling growth.
Lei BIYuxing ZHANGBharat Kumar POUDYALXiaolei WU...
538-542页
查看更多>>摘要：The effects of regulators on the respiratory enzymes of Qiyuesu's pear branches during dormant period were studied.The results showed that enzyme activities of SDH,G-6-PDH and 6-PGDH were increased by 0.02 mmol/L SA and 120 mg/L GA3.The enzyme activities of phosphohexoisomerase were reduced by 0.02 mmol/L SA and 120 mg/L GA3.Compared with the control,the PGI activity was reduced by 20.5％ and 13.6％ using 0.02 mmol/L SA and 120 mg/L GA3.Similarly,the SDH activity was increased by 6.1％ and 29.2％,respectively.Likewise,the activity of G-6-PDH and 6-PGDH was increased by 93.9％ and 24.8％.Changes of respiratory enzymes were consistent with respiratory pathway of regulators,which indicated that SA and GA3 were helpful to break the dormancy by enhancing activities of SDH,G-6-PDH and 6-PGDH.
Ekhlas M. MUSAElsiddig A. E. ELSHEIKHIsam A. MOHAMED AHMEDElfadil E. BABIKER...
543-551页
查看更多>>摘要：The present study was aimed to determine the effects of inoculation with Bradyrhizobium strain,intercropping,nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization and their interaction on the yield,physical and chemical properties of cowpea seeds.The results showed that the seed yield of cowpea was significantly (P≤0.05) increased by Bradyrhizobium inoculation,nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers,but not by intercropping.All treatments of intercropping,P,Bradyrhizobium plus N and Bradyrhizobium plus P treatments significantly (P≤ 0.05) increased the hydration coefficient and cookability of cowpea seeds compared to untreated plants in both seasons.For chemical composition,all treatments significantly (P≤ 0.05) increased the dry matter,ash,protein and fiber content of the seeds compared to the untreated plants for the two systems and in both seasons,whereas it significantly (P≤ 0.05) decreased carbohydrate content of the seeds.Fat content of the seeds was not increased by Bradyrhizobium inoculation and intercropping,but it was significantly increased by nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization.Intercropping,Bradyrhizobium inoculation and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization significantly (P≤ 0.05) increased tannin content and in vitro protein digestibility of the seeds compared to untreated plants for both systems and in the two seasons.
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