查看更多>>摘要：The challenges posed by climate change and greenhouse gas net-zero transition are discussed.Several key technology areas which require innovation are briefly reviewed in this article,including renewables,energy storage,distributed energy resources,CO2 utilization,agriculture,and the synergy between Al and energy transition.The shift in mindset from"re-cycling"to"re-using"and a redefinition of"wealth"for a more sustainable future are also proposed.
Siti Hamisah TapsirSiew Moi PhangNor Aieni MokhtarSwee Sen Teo...
730-734页
查看更多>>摘要：Bioluminescent plankton are marine organisms capable of emitting visible light through chemical reactions in their bodies.This unique biochemical trait is attributed to a luciferin-luciferase reaction,which produces a striking blue light.This fascinating phenomenon,often referred to as the"blue tears"effect,has become a major attraction for tourist attractions in many countries.Since their discovery,most investigations related to these marine organisms have primarily focused on the fields of biology,ecology,oceanography,and microbiology.However,there has been limited to almost no study of their potential applications in the area of energy or lighting.This paper provides viewpoints on the opportunities for using these marine organisms and their light-emitting characteristics as an energy-efficient and environmentally friendly lighting solution,rather than just as a tourist attraction.Additionally,it addresses the challenges associated with sustaining the growth of bioluminescent plankton collected from the marine environment,the importance of establishing suitable protocols for in-house cultivation,challenges in stimulating the light-production at desired time,constraint imposed by the circadian rhythm,the toxicity of certain bioluminescent plankton,and the capacity of their luminous intensity.
查看更多>>摘要：Co-processing of biomass feedstock with petroleum feedstock in existing refineries is a promising technology that enables the production of low-carbon fuels,reduces dependence on petroleum feedstock,and utilizes the existing infrastructure in refinery.Much effort has been dedicated to advancing co-processing technologies.Though significant progress has been made,the development of co-processing is still hindered by numerous challenges.Therefore,it is important to systematically summarize up-to-date research activities on co-processing process for the further development of co-processing technologies.This paper provides a review of the latest research activities on co-processing biomass feedstock with petroleum feedstock utilizing fluid catalytic cracking(FCC)or hydrotreating(HDT)processes.In addition,it extensively discusses the influence of different types and diverse physicochemical properties of biomass feedstock on the processing of petroleum feedstock,catalysts employed in co-processing studies,and relevant projects.Moreover,it summarizes and discusses co-processing projects in pilot or larger scale.Furthermore,it briefly prospects the research trend of co-processing in the end.
查看更多>>摘要：As the next-generation oxy-fuel combustion technology for controlling CO2 emissions,pressurized oxy-fuel combustion(POC)technology can further reduce system energy consumption and improve system efficiency compared with atmospheric oxy-fuel combustion.The oxy-fuel combustion causes high CO2 concentration,which has a series of effects on the combustion reaction process,making the radiation and reaction characteristics different from air-fuel conditions.Under the pressurized oxy-fuel condition,the combustion reaction characteristics are affected by the coupling effect of pressure and atmosphere.The radiation and heat transfer characteristics of the combustion medium are also affected by pressure.In recent years,there have been many studies on POC.This review pays attention to the thermal-science fundamental research.It summarizes several typical POC systems in the world from the perspective of system thermodynamic construction.Moreover,it reviews,in detail,the current research results of POC in terms of heat transfer characteristics(radiant heat transfer and convective heat transfer),combustion characteristics,and pollutant emissions,among which the radiation heat transfer and thermal radiation model are the focus of this paper.Furthermore,it discusses the development and research direction of POC technology.It aims to provide references for scientific research and industrial application of POC technology.
查看更多>>摘要：To achieve effective intraday dispatch of photovoltaic(PV)power generation systems,a reliable ultra-short-term power generation forecasting model is required.Based on a gradient boosting strategy and a dendritic network,this paper proposes a novel ensemble prediction model,named gradient boosting dendritic network(GBDD)model which can reduce the forecast error by learning the relationship between forecast residuals and meteorological factors during the training of sub-models by means of a greedy function approximation.Unlike other machine learning models,the GBDD proposed is able to make fuller use of all meteorological factor data and has a good model interpretation.In addition,based on the structure of GBDD,this paper proposes a strategy that can improve the prediction performance of other types of prediction models.The GBDD is trained by analyzing the relationship between prediction errors and meteorological factors for compensating the prediction results of other prediction models.The experimental results show that the GBDD proposed has the benefit of achieving a higher PV power prediction accuracy for PV power generation and can be used to improve the prediction performance of other prediction models.
查看更多>>摘要：Spectral beam split is attracting more attention thanks to the efficient use of whole spectrum solar energy and the cogenerative supply for electricity and heat.Nanofluids can selectively absorb and deliver specific solar spectra,making various nanofluids ideal for potential use in hybrid photovoltaic/thermal(PV/T)systems for solar spectrum separation.Clarifying the effects of design parameters is extremely beneficial for optimal frequency divider design and system performance enhancement.The water-based SiO2 nanofluid with excellent thermal and absorption properties was proposed as the spectral beam splitter in the present study,to improve the efficiency of a hybrid PV/T system.Moreover,a dual optical path method was applied to get its spectral transimissivity and analyze the impact of its concentration and optical path on its optical properties.Furthermore,a PV and photothermal model of the presented system was built to investigate the system performance.The result indicates that the transimissivity of the nanofluids to solar radiation gradually decreases with increasing SiO2 nanofluid concentration and optical path.The higher nanofluid concentration leads to a lower electrical conversion efficiency,a higher thermal conversion efficiency,and an overall system efficiency.Considering the overall efficiency and economic cost,the optimal SiO2 nanofluid concentration is 0.10 wt.％(wt.％,mass fraction).Increasing the optical path(from 0 to 30 mm)results in a 60.43％reduction in electrical conversion efficiency and a 50.84％increase in overall system efficiency.However,the overall system efficiency rises sharply as the optical path increases in the 0-10 mm range,and then slowly at the optical path of 10-30 mm.Additionally,the overall system efficiency increases first and then drops upon increasing the focusing ratio.The maximum efficiency is 51.93％at the focusing ratio of 3.
查看更多>>摘要：To increase the power generated by solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs),multiple cells have to be connected into a stack.Nonuniformity of cell performance is a worldwide concern in the practical application of stack,which is known to be unavoidable and caused by manufacturing and operating conditions.However,the effect of such nonuniformity on SOFCs that are connected in parallel has not been discussed in detail so far.This paper provides detailed experimental data on the current distribution within a stack with nonuniform cells in parallel connection,based on the basics of electricity and electrochemistry.Particular phenomena found in such a parallel system are the"self-discharge effect"in standby mode and the"capacity-proportional-load sharing effect"under normal operating conditions.It is believed that the experimental method and results proposed in this paper can be applied to other types of fuel cell or even other energy systems.
查看更多>>摘要：Knowing the correct phase connectivity information plays a significant role in maintaining high-quality power and reliable electricity supply to end-consumers.However,managing the consumer-phase connectivity of a low-voltage distribution network is often costly,prone to human errors,and time-intensive,as it involves either installing expensive high-precision devices or employing field-based methods.Besides,the ever-increasing electricity demand and the proliferation of behind-the-meter resources have also increased the complexity of leveraging the phase connectivity problem.To overcome the above challenges,this paper develops a data-driven model to identify the phase connectivity of end-consumers using advanced metering infrastructure voltage and current measurements.Initially,a preprocessing method that employs linear interpolation and singular value decomposition is adopted to improve the quality of the smart meter data.Then,using Kirchoff's current law and correlation analysis,a discrete convolution optimization model is built to uniquely identify the phase to which each end-consumer is connected.The data sets utilized are obtained by performing power flow simulations on a modified IEEE-906 test system using OpenDSS software.The robustness of the model is tested against data set size,missing smart meter data,measurement errors,and the influence of prosumers.The results show that the method proposed correctly identifies the phase connections of end-consumers with an accuracy of about 98％.
查看更多>>摘要：Fe-N-C catalysts are potential substitutes to displace electrocatalysts containing noble chemical elements in the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR).However,their application is hampered by unsatisfactory activity and stability issues.The structures and morphologies of Fe-N-C catalysts have been found to be crucial for the number of active sites and local bonding structures.In this work,dicyandiamide(DCDA)and polyaniline(PANI)are shown to act as dual nitrogen sources to tune the morphology and structure of the catalyst and facilitate the ORR process.The dual nitrogen sources not only increase the amount of nitrogen doping atoms in the electrocatalytic Fe-C-N material,but also maintain a high nitrogen-pyrrole/nitrogen-graphitic:(N-P)/(N-G)value,improving the distribution density of catalytic active sites in the material.With a high surface area and amount of N-doping,the Fe-N-C catalyst developed can achieve an improved half-wave potential of 0.886 V(vs.RHE)in alkaline medium,and a better stability and methanol resistance than commercial Pt/C catalyst.
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