查看更多>>摘要：The hydrogen fuel cell vehicle is rapidly developing in China for carbon reduction and neutrality.This paper evaluated the life-cycle cost and carbon emission of hydrogen energy via lots of field surveys,including hydrogen production and packing in chlor-alkali plants,transport by tube trailers,storage and refueling in hydrogen refueling stations(HRSs),and application for use in two different cities.It also conducted a comparative study for battery electric vehicles(BEVs)and internal combustion engine vehicles(ICEVs).The result indicates that hydrogen fuel cell vehicle(FCV)has the best environmental performance but the highest energy cost.However,a sufficient hydrogen supply can significantly reduce the carbon intensity and FCV energy cost of the current system.The carbon emission for FCV application has the potential to decrease by 73.1％in City A and 43.8％in City B.It only takes 11.0％-20.1％of the BEV emission and 8.2％-9.8％of the ICEV emission.The cost of FCV driving can be reduced by 39.1％in City A.Further improvement can be obtained with an economical and"greener"hydrogen production pathway.
查看更多>>摘要：With the promotion of"dual carbon"strategy,data center(DC)access to high-penetration renewable energy sources(RESs)has become a trend in the industry.However,the uncertainty of RES poses challenges to the safe and stable operation of DCs and power grids.In this paper,a multi-timescale optimal scheduling model is established for interconnected data centers(IDCs)based on model predictive control(MPC),including day-ahead optimization,intraday rolling optimization,and intraday real-time correction.The day-ahead optimization stage aims at the lowest operating cost,the rolling optimization stage aims at the lowest intraday economic cost,and the real-time correction aims at the lowest power fluctuation,eliminating the impact of prediction errors through coordinated multi-timescale optimization.The simulation results show that the economic loss is reduced by 19.6％,and the power fluctuation is decreased by 15.23％.
查看更多>>摘要：Highly efficient and stable iron electrodes are of great significant to the development of iron-air battery(IAB).In this paper,iron nanoparticle-encapsulated C-N composite(NanoFe@CN)was synthesized by pyrolysis using polyaniline as the C-N source.Electrochemical performance of the NanoFe@CN in different electrolytes(alkaline,neutral,and quasi-neutral)was investigated via cyclic voltammetry(CV).The IAB was assembled with NanoFe@CN as the anode and IrO2+Pt/C as the cathode.The effects of different discharging/charging current densities and electrolytes on the battery performance were also studied.Neutral K2SO4 electrolyte can effectively suppress the passivation of iron electrode,and the battery showed a good cycling stability during 180 charging/discharging cycles.Compared to the pure nano-iron(NanoFe)battery,the NanoFe@CN battery has a more stable cycling stability either in KOH or NH4Cl+KCl electrolyte.
查看更多>>摘要：Sunlight-powered water splitting presents a promising strategy for converting intermittent and virtually unlimited solar energy into energy-dense and storable green hydrogen.Since the pioneering discovery by Honda and Fujishima,considerable efforts have been made in this research area.Among various materials developed,Ga(X)N/Si(X=In,Ge,Mg,etc.)nanoarchitecture has emerged as a disruptive semiconductor platform to split water toward hydrogen by sunlight.This paper introduces the characteristics,properties,and growth/synthesis/fabri-cation methods of Ga(X)N/Si nanoarchitecture,primarily focusing on explaining the suitability as an ideal platform for sunlight-powered water splitting toward green hydrogen fuel.In addition,it exclusively summarizes the recent progress and development of Ga(X)N/Si nano-architecture for photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical water splitting.Moreover,it describes the challenges and prospects of artificial photosynthesis integrated device and system using Ga(X)N/Si nanoarchitectures for solar water splitting toward hydrogen.
查看更多>>摘要：Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction(ECR)offers an attractive approach to realizing carbon neutrality and producing valuable chemicals and fuels using CO2 as the feedstock.However,the lack of cost-effective electroca-talysts with better performances has seriously hindered its application.Herein,a one-step co-electrodeposition method was used to introduce Zn,a metal with weak*CO binding energy,into Cu to form Cu/Zn intermetallic catalysts(Cu/Zn IMCs).It was shown that,using an H-cell,the high Faradaic efficiency of C2+hydrocarbons/alcohols(FEC2+)could be achieved in ECR by adjusting the surface metal components and the applied potential.In suitable conditions,FEC2+and current density could be as high as 75％and 40 mA/cm2,respectively.Compared with the Cu catalyst,the Cu/Zn IMCs have a lower interfacial charge transfer resistance and a larger electrochemically active surface area(ECSA),which accelerate the reaction.Moreover,the*CO formed on Zn sites can move to Cu sites due to its weak binding with*CO,and thus enhance the C-C coupling on the Cu surface to form C2+products.
查看更多>>摘要：Hydrogen production from photoelectroche-mical(PEC)water splitting has been regarded as a promising way to utilize renewable and endless solar energy.However,semiconductor film grown on photoe-lectrode suffers from numerous challenges,leading to the poor PEC performance.Herein,a straightforward sol-gel method with the ligand-induced growth strategy was employed to obtain dense and homogeneous copper bismuthate photocathodes for PEC hydrogen evolution reaction.By various characterizations,it was found that the nucleation and surface growth of CuBi2O4 layer induced by 2-methoxyethanol ligand(2-CuBi2O4)demon-strated a decent crystallinity and coverage,as well as a large grain size and a low oxygen vacancy concentration,leading to the good ability of light absorption and carrier migration.Consequently,under simulated sunlight irradiation(AM1.5G,100 mW/cm2),the 2-CuBi2O4 photocathode achieved an enhanced photocurrent density of-1.34 mA·cm-2 at 0.4 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode and a promising applied bias photon-to-current efficiency of 0.586％.This surface modification by ligand growth strategy will shed light on the future design of advanced photoelectrodes for PEC water splitting.
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