期刊,中国科学:地球科学（英文版） 2024年卷1期_国家学术搜索

期刊信息/Journal information

中国科学:地球科学（英文版）

主　　编：周光召

出版周期：月刊

国际刊号：1674-7313

电子邮箱：sales@scichina.org

电　　话：010-64019820

邮政编码：100717

地　　址：北京东黄城根北街16号

中国科学:地球科学（英文版）/Journal Science China(Earth Sciences)CSCDEISCI

查看更多>>《中国科学》是中国科学院主办、中国科学杂志社出版的自然科学专业性学术刊物。《中国科学》任务是反映中国自然科学各学科中的最新科研成果，以促进国内外的学术交流。《中国科学》以论文形式报道中国基础研究和应用研究方面具有创造性的、高水平的和有重要意义的科研成果。在国际学术界，《中国科学》作为代表中国最高水平的学术刊物也受到高度重视。国际上最具有权威的检索刊物SCI，多年来一直收录《中国科学》的论文。1999年《中国科学》夺得国家期刊奖的第一名。

正式出版

收录年代

Plate tectonics in the Archean:Observations versus interpretations

YongFei ZHENG

1-30页

查看更多>>摘要：Plate tectonics theory,established in the 1960s,has been successful in explaining many geological phenomena,processes and events that occurred in the Phanerozoic.However,the theory has often struggled to provide a coherent framework in interpreting geological records in continental interior and Precambrian period.In dealing with the relationship between plate tectonics and continental geology,continental interior tectonics was often separated from continental margin tectonics in the inheritance and development of their structure and composition.This separation led to the illusion that the plate tectonics theory is not applicable to Precambrian geology,particularly in explaining the fundamental geological characteristics of Archean cratons.Although this illusion does not mean that the Archean continental crust did not originate from a regime of plate tectonics,it led to the development of alternative tectonic models,often involving vertical movements under a regime of stagnant lid tectonics,including not only endogenous processes such as gravitational sagduction,mantle plumes and heat pipes but also exogenous processes such as bolide impacts.These vertical processes were not unique to the Archean but persisted into the Phanerozoic.They result from mantle poloidal convection at different depths,not specific to any particular period.Upgrading the plate tectonics theory from the traditional kinematic model in the 20th century to a holistic kinematic-dynamic model in the 21 st century and systematically examining the vertical transport of matter and energy at plate margins,it is evident that plate tectonics can explain the common geological characteristics of Archean cratons,such as lithological associations,structural patterns and metamorphic evolution.By deciphering the structure and composition of convergent plate margins as well as their dynamics,the formation and evolution of continental crust since the Archean can be divided into ancient plate tectonics in the Precambrian and modem plate tectonics in the Phanerozoic.In addition,there are the following three characteristic features in the Archean:(1)convective mantle temperatures were 200-300℃ higher than in the Phanerozoic,(2)newly formed basaltic oceanic crust was as thick as 30-40 km,and(3)the asthenosphere had a composition similar to the primitive mantle rather than the depleted mantle at present.On this basis,the upgraded plate tectonics theory can successfully explain the major geological phenomena of Archean cratons.This approach provides a new perspective on and deep insights into the evolution of early Earth and the origin of continental crust.In detail,Archean tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite(TTG)rocks would result from partial melting of the over-thick basaltic oceanic crust at convergent plate margins.The structural patterns of gneissic domes and greenstone keels would result from the buoyancy-driven emplacement of TTG magmas and its interaction with the basaltic crust at convergent margins,and komatiites in greenstone belts would be the product of mantle plume activity in the regime of ancient plate tectonics.The widespread distribution of high-grade metamorphic rocks in a planar fashion,rather than in zones,is ascrible to separation of the gneissic domes from the greenstone belts.The shortage of calc-alkaline andesites in bimodal volcanic associations suggests the shortage of sediment accretionary wedges derived from weathering of granitic continental crust above oceanic subduction zones.The absence of Penrose-type ophiolites suggests that during the subduction initiation of microplates,only the upper volcanic rocks of the thick oceanic crust were offscrapped to form basalt accretionary wedges.The absence of blueschist and eclogite as well as classic paired metamorphic belts suggests that convergent plate margins were over-thickened through either warm subduction or hard collision of the thick oceanic crust at moderate geothermal gradients.Therefore,only by correctly recognizing and understanding the nature of Archean cartons can plate tectonics reasonably explain their fundamental geological characteristics.

原文链接:

万方数据
维普

Rheology of continental lithosphere and seismic anisotropy

Shengsi SUNYunpeng DONGYixi LIYihai YANG...

31-60页

查看更多>>摘要：Rheology of rocks controls the deformation of the Earth at various space-time scales,which is crucial to understand the tectonic evolution of continental lithosphere.Researches of rock rheology are mainly conducted via high-pressure and high-temperature rheological experiments and multi-scale observations and measurements of naturally deformed rocks.At present,a large amount of data from such kinds of studies have been accumulated.This paper first provides an up-to-date comprehensive review of the rheological mechanisms,fabric types and seismic properties of the main rock-forming minerals at different depths of continental lithosphere,including olivine,orthopyroxene,clinopyroxene,amphibole,plagioclase,quartz and mica.Then,progress in high-pressure and high-temperature experiments and natural deformation observations is introduced,mainly re-garding the rheological strength and behavior,seismic velocity and anisotropy of lithospheric mantle peridotite,eclogite,mafic granulite,amphibolite and felsic rocks.Finally,by taking the Tibetan Plateau as an example,the application of rock rheology for quantitative interpretation of seismic anisotropy data is discussed.The combination of mineral deformation fabrics and seismic anisotropy is expected to make an important breakthrough in understanding the rheological properties and structure of con-tinental lithosphere.

原文链接:

万方数据
维普

Impacts of major volcanic eruptions over the past two millennia on both global and Chinese climates:A review

Weiyi SUNDeliang CHENGuonian LüLiang NING...

61-78页

查看更多>>摘要：Major volcanic eruptions(MVEs)have attracted increasing attention from the scientific community.Previous studies have explored the climatic impact of MVEs over the past two millennia.However,proxy-based reconstructions and climate model simulations indicate divergent responses of global and China's regional climates to MVEs.Here,we used multiple data from observations,reconstructions,simulations,and assimilations to summarize the historical facts of MVEs,the characteristics and mechanisms of their climatic impact,and directions for future research.We reviewed volcanic datasets and determined intensive MVE periods;these periods corresponded to the years 530-700,1200-1460,and 1600-1840 CE.After tropical MVEs,a substantial cooling effect is observed throughout the globe and China on the interannual-interdecadal time scales but an inconsistent cooling magnitude is detected between reconstructions and simulations.In the first summer after tropical MVEs,a decrease in global and monsoonal precipitation is observed.In reconstructions and simulations,an increased precipitation is seen for the Yangtze River Basin,while large uncertainties in precipitation changes are present for other regions of China.Decadal drought can be induced by frequent eruptions and volcanism superimposed on low solar irradiation and internal variability.MVEs affect climate directly through the radiative effect and indirectly by modulating internal variability,such as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation(AMO).However,changes in the phase,amplitude,and periodicity of ENSO and AMO after MVEs and the associated mechanisms remain controversial,which could account for model-reconstruction disagreements.Moreover,other internal variability,uncertainties in reconstruction methods and aerosol-climate models,and climate background may also induce model-reconstruction disagreements.Knowledge gaps and directions for future research are also discussed.

原文链接:

万方数据
维普

Evaluation and attribution of trends in compound dry-hot events for major river basins in China

Shaotang XIONGTongtiegang ZHAOChengchao GUOYu TIAN...

79-91页

查看更多>>摘要：Concurrent compound dry and hot events(CDHEs)amplified more damange on the ecosystems and human society than individual extremes.Under climate change,compound dry and hot events become more frequent on a global scale.This paper proposes a mathematical method to quantitatively attribute changes of CDHEs to changes of precipitation,change in temperature and change in the dependence between precipitation and temperature.The attribution is achieved by formulating the total differential equation of the return period of CDHEs among Meta-gaussian model.A case study of China is devised based on monthly precipitation and temperature data during the period from 1921 to 2020 for 80 major river basins.It is found that temperature is the main driving factor of increases in CDHEs for 49 major river basins in China,except for the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River.In West China,precipitation changes drove the increase in CDHEs in 18 river basins(23％),particularly in parts of North Xinjiang,Qinghai and Gansu.On the other hand,dependence between precipitation and tem-perature dominated changes of CDHEs in 13 river basins(16％)of China with other factors,including parts of South China,East China and Northwestern China.Furthermore,changes in both the mean and spread of precipitation and temperature can also contribute to changes in CDHEs.

原文链接:

万方数据
维普

Characteristics of atmospheric nitrous oxide observed at Mt.Waliguan GAW global station in the inland Eurasia during eighteen years

Miao LIANGShuangxi FANGLixin LIUYong ZHANG...

92-104页

查看更多>>摘要：This study presents atmospheric N2O mole fractions measured from discrete air samples from 2001 to 2018 at Mt.Waliguan(WLG)station(36°17′N,100°54′E,3816 m asl)in China,which is a global background station of the World Meteorological Organization/Global Atmosphere Watch Programme(WMO/GAW)in central Eurasia.Observed N2O char-acteristics of annual means,interannual variability,and seasonal cycles were investigated.Our results show that N2O at WLG possess a distinct increasing trend and a statistically significant seasonal cycle,with an average growth rate of 0.9±0.01 ppb yr-1(1 σ)(1ppb=10-9),which is close to the global mean.The detrended seasonal cycle shows a trough of-0.25±0.04(1σ)ppb in June and a peak of 0.13±0.07(1 σ)ppb in September,with an amplitude of 0.38 ppb.The pattern is due to combined effects of variation in surface sources,vertical convection within the boundary layer and stratosphere to troposphere transportation(STE).The interannual variability in growth rate was partly driven by quasi-biennial oscillation(QBO)of tropical zonal wind through stratospheric transport into the troposphere.According to a cluster analysis of back trajectories and the corresponding average N2O load,most air masses cover arid and semi-arid areas in inner Asia with low N2O emissions,indicating that the atmospheric N2O at the WLG represents the background N2O level in central Eurasia.

原文链接:

万方数据
维普

The importance of data assimilation components for initial conditions and subsequent error growth

Zhongrui WANGHaohao SUNLili LEIZhe-Min TAN...

105-116页

查看更多>>摘要：Despite a specific data assimilation method,data assimilation(DA)in general can be decomposed into components of the prior information,observation forward operator that is given by the observation type,observation error covariances,and background error covariances.In a classic Lorenz model,the influences of the DA components on the initial conditions(ICs)and subsequent forecasts are systematically investigated,which could provide a theoretical basis for the design of DA for different scales of interests.The forecast errors undergo three typical stages:a slow growth stage from 0 h to 5 d,a fast growth stage from 5 d to around 15 d with significantly different error growth rates for ensemble and deterministic forecasts,and a saturation stage after 15 d.Assimilation strategies that provide more accurate ICs can improve the predictability.Cycling assimilation is superior to offline assimilation,and a flow-dependent background error covariance matrix(Pf)provides better analyses than a static background error covariance matrix(B)for instantaneous observations and frequent time-averaged observations;but the op-posite is true for infrequent time-averaged observations,since cycling simulation cannot construct informative priors when the model lacks predictive skills and the flow-dependent Pf cannot effectively extract information from low-informative observa-tions as the static B.Instantaneous observations contain more information than time-averaged observations,thus the former is preferred,especially for infrequent observing systems.Moreover,ensemble forecasts have advantages over deterministic forecasts,and the advantages are enlarged with less informative observations and lower predictive-skill model priors.

原文链接:

万方数据
维普

Study on the atmospheric heat engine efficiency and heat source characteristics of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in summer

Yujie LIXiaoqing GAOYaoming MAZeyong HU...

117-133页

查看更多>>摘要：There are many types of atmospheric heat engines in land-air systems.The accurate definition,calculation and interpretation of the efficiency of atmospheric heat engines are key to understanding energy transfer and transformation of land-air systems.The atmosphere over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)in summer can be regarded as a positive heat engine.The study of the heat engine efficiency is helpful to better understand land-air interaction and thermal-dynamic processes on the QTP.It also provides a new perspective to explain the impact of the QTP on the climate of China,East Asia and even the world.In this paper,we used MOD08 and ERA5 reanalysis data to calculate the atmospheric heat engine efficiency,surface heat source and atmospheric heat source on the QTP in summer(May to September)from 2000 to 2020.The average atmospheric heat engine efficiency on the QTP in summer from 2000 to 2020 varies between 1.2％and 1.5％,which is less than 1.6％;the heat engine efficiency in summer is higher than that in June,July and August;the Qaidam Basin is the region with the highest atmospheric heat engine efficiency,followed by the western QTP.The mean surface heat source on the QTP in summer from 2000 to 2020 is 96.0 W m-2,the atmospheric heat source is 90.7 W m-2,and the release of precipitation condensation latent heat is the most important component of the atmospheric heat source on the QTP in summer.There is a strong and significant positive correlation between the atmospheric heat engine efficiency and the surface heat source on the QTP in summer.The precipitation con-densation latent heat is the most important component of the atmospheric heat source in summer and can reflect the precipitation process.There is a strong and significant negative correlation between the atmospheric heat engine efficiency and the atmo-spheric heat source on the QTP in summer.

原文链接:

万方数据
维普

Probing the interseismic locking state of the Xianshuihe fault based on a viscoelastic deformation model

Yage ZHUFaqi DIAOFei CHENYuebing WANG...

134-145页

查看更多>>摘要：The interseismic locking state of tectonic faults is essential for regional seismic hazard assessments.However,it is challenging to obtain this parameter reliably due to the weak deformation and complex model configurations.To better probe the fault locking state,more reliable physical models and well-covered observations are required.Here we investigate the locking state of the Xianshuihe fault based on a new-developed viscoelastic deformation model.Meanwhile,we combine GPS velocities from 13 new near-field stations and existing stations in this region to improve the spatial resolution.Similar to the theoretical predictions,our results indicate that the elastic model will clearly overestimate the fault locking depth and seismic moment accumulation rate,and the fault slip rate inferred from the elastic model is slightly lower than that from the viscoelastic model.Relying on the locking distribution inferred from the viscoelastic model,we identify four potential asperities on the Xianshuihe fault.More importantly,we find a clear spatial correlation between the fault locking distribution and the rupture extent of historical earthquakes,which indicates that the fault locking state may control the rupture extent and thus the magnitude of earthquakes.In addition,our results show that the 2022 M6.8 Luding earthquake only ruptured the south part of a potential asperity,and the accumulated energy in the northern unruptured area is equivalent to an Mw6.9 earthquake,where the seismic hazard deserves special attention.

原文链接:

万方数据
维普

Controls of strike-slip fault on fractures:Insight from 3D discrete element simulation

Lianbo ZENGZhe MAOGuoping LIUHe TIAN...

146-164页

查看更多>>摘要：The fracture-cave reservoirs controlled by strike-slip faults are the main targets for oil and gas exploration of ultra-deep carbonate in the Tarim Basin.It is of great significance to clarify the distribution rules of fractures related to strike-slip faults for guiding the exploration and development of ultra-deep oil and gas.In this study,six groups of strike-slip fault 3D models based on discrete element numerical simulation method have been created to investigate characteristics of fault-related fracture development and distribution law.In addition,we compared the modeling results to the measurement of fractures from the outcrop of a strike-slip fault in the Northern Tarim Basin to verify their validity.The results show that the stress environment is stable in the simple strike-slip section,and fractures intersecting with the strike-slip direction at a small angle are the principal fracture.In the releasing stepover and double-bend sections,the maximum principal stress changes from horizontal to vertical during the formation of pull-apart zones,where the principal fractures intersect the strike-slip direction at a large angle.The maximum principal stress in the restraining stepover and double-bend section remains horizontal,but their strikes change significantly with the increment of fault displacement.Thus,fractures intersecting the strike-slip direction at a small angle will become principal fractures early on,while those parallel to or anti-intersecting the strike-slip direction at a small angle will become principal fractures later.There are obvious differences in the development of fractures in different structural positions of strike-slip faults.Fractures are mainly concentrated in the fault tips,connections,and fault plane,and the magnitude of the fault damage zone is relatively larger in the first two.Compared with fault displacement,the principal damage zone(PDZ)shows stronger control on the distribution and development intensity of fractures.With the increment of fault displacement,the width of the fault damage zone and the fracture density first rapidly increases before the formation of PDZ and then slows down.Moreover,the formation time of PDZ in the restraining double-bend and stepover section is earlier than the simple strike-slip,releasing double-bend,and releasing stepover sections,and absorb more strain before the formation of the principal displacement zone.Thus,the restraining sections have the highest fracture intensity,followed by the pull-apart sections,then the simple strike-slip section.The results play an important role in understanding the development law of fractures related to strike-slip faults in different arrangements and move modes.

原文链接:

万方数据
维普

High-precision modeling of tide-induced 3-D magnetic field and analysis of geomagnetic satellite orbit requirements

Zhengyong RENCong YANGHongbo YAOXu TANG...

165-178页

查看更多>>摘要：Ground-based magnetic observatories and geomagnetic satellites can observe the induced magnetic field generated by the motion of seawater containing sodium and chlorine ions.Calculating the three-dimensional(3-D)spatial distribution of tide-induced magnetic fields(TIMF)is crucial for inverting the electrical conductivity structure of the oceanic lithosphere.It also serves as an essential basis for designing optimal geomagnetic observatories and satellite orbits.However,existing methods for simulating TIMF suffer from limitations in inaccurately modeling realistic coastlines,heterogeneous land and sea surface properties,and complex deep Earth structures,thereby the interpretational level of TIMF data is reduced.To overcome this issue,we developed a tetrahedral-based finite element method for simulating TIMF,which can efficiently approximate realistic coastlines,heterogeneous land and sea surface properties,and complex deep Earth structures.Firstly,we derived the boundary value problem for the seawater motion-induced electromagnetic field,which was solved using the vector finite element method based on tetrahedral elements.Secondly,using the latest ocean depth and seafloor sediment layer models,we constructed a 3-D conductivity model of the Earth,which includes realistic coastlines,heterogeneous land and sea conductivity distributions.We then computed the TIMF using the M2 tidal source as an example and validated our method by comparing it with results obtained from spherical harmonic finite element and integral equation methods.Finally,utilizing the computed high-precision M2,N2,and O1 TIMF signals,we marked global observatories capable of observing strong M2,N2,and O1 TIMF signals and predicted alternative stations suitable for tide signal observations.Additionally,we calculated TIMF at heights of 450 and 200 km for the Macao Science Satellite 1 and its subsequent satellites.The results indicate that the amplitude of the tidal-induced magnetic field at 200 km is approximately twice that at 450 km.The maximum amplitudes of M2,N2,and O1 TIMF at 200 km are eight,two,and three times the measurement accuracy of the magnetic sensing payload(0.5 nT),respectively.The 200 km orbit has great potential for detecting high-resolution electrical structures of the seafloor lithosphere and asthenosphere in regions such as New Zealand,southern Iceland,the southern Indian Ocean,the Ross Sea region of Antarctica,and the Sea of Okhotsk.It also holds the potential for studying large-scale oceanic dynamic processes and properties.

原文链接:

万方数据
维普