期刊,中国科学:地球科学（英文版） 2024年卷10期_国家学术搜索

期刊信息/Journal information

中国科学:地球科学（英文版）

主　　编：周光召

出版周期：月刊

国际刊号：1674-7313

电子邮箱：sales@scichina.org

电　　话：010-64019820

邮政编码：100717

地　　址：北京东黄城根北街16号

中国科学:地球科学（英文版）/Journal Science China(Earth Sciences)CSCDEISCI

查看更多>>《中国科学》是中国科学院主办、中国科学杂志社出版的自然科学专业性学术刊物。《中国科学》任务是反映中国自然科学各学科中的最新科研成果，以促进国内外的学术交流。《中国科学》以论文形式报道中国基础研究和应用研究方面具有创造性的、高水平的和有重要意义的科研成果。在国际学术界，《中国科学》作为代表中国最高水平的学术刊物也受到高度重视。国际上最具有权威的检索刊物SCI，多年来一直收录《中国科学》的论文。1999年《中国科学》夺得国家期刊奖的第一名。

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收录年代

A newly unraveled 13.6-year oscillation from GPS displacements and its potential implications for the dynamic reference frame

Hao DINGWeiping JIANG

3204-3212页

查看更多>>摘要：Numerous practical geodetic and geophysical applications necessitate precise measurements of GNSS displacements at the millimeter or sub-millimeter level.To attain such precision,it is imperative to identify and analyze the unidentified decadal signals inherent in the GPS displacements.In this research,we employ the optimal sequence estimation method to effectively detect an about 13.6-year oscillational signal with an excited amplitude of 3.6士 1.2 mm in the U-components of the GPS displacements.It is noteworthy that this signal demonstrates a consistent spatial pattern characterized by the spherical harmonic Y2,.2-We conduct a comparative analysis with the 13.6-year oscillation observed in length-of-day variations(and geomagnetic records),finding that they are in reverse phase.After eliminating the Earth's external excitation sources through the utilization of two distinct in-situ hydrological records,we suggest that the 13.6-year GPS signal may come from the internal motions within the Earth.However,the specific excitation source and the detailed physical mechanism remain uncertain.Additionally,we develop a mathematical displacement model to explain the 13.6-year signal.Our findings indicate that this signal can result in displacements of up to 1.37 mm and velocity effects of 0.63 mm/yr(for U-component)at maximum.These results underscore the necessity of incorporating this 13.6-year signal into the construction and maintenance of a dynamic reference frame at the millimeter level.

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Impacts of land surface darkening on frozen ground and ecosystems over the Tibetan Plateau

Shuchang TANGTao WANGDan LIUTandong YAO...

3213-3225页

查看更多>>摘要：Tibetan Plateau(TP)is known as the"Third Pole"of the Earth.Any changes in land surface processes on the TP can have an unneglectable impact on regional and global climate.With the warming and wetting climate,the land surface of the TP saw a darkening trend featured by decreasing surface albedo over the past decades,primarily due to the melting of glaciers,snow,and greening vegetation.Recent studies have investigated the effects of the TP land surface darkening on the field of climate,but these assessments only address one aspect of the feedback loop.How do these darkening-induced climate changes affect the frozen ground and ecosystems on the TP?In this study,we investigated the impact of TP land surface darkening on regional frozen ground and ecosystems using the state-of-the-art land surface model ORCHIDEE-MICT.Our model results show that darkening-induced climate changes on the TP will lead to a reduction in the area of regional frozen ground by 1.1×104±0.019×104 km2,a deepening of the regional permafrost active layer by 0.06±0.0004 m,and a decrease in the maximum freezing depth of regional seasonal frozen ground by 0.06±0.0016 m compared to the scenario without TP land surface darkening.Furthermore,the darkening-induced climate change on the TP will result in an increase in the regional leaf area index and an enhancement in the regional gross primary productivity,ultimately leading to an increase in regional terrestrial carbon stock by 0.81±0.001 PgC.This study addresses the remaining piece of the puzzle in the feedback loop of TP land surface darkening,and improves our understanding of interactions across multiple spheres on the TP.The exacerbated regional permafrost degradation and increasing regional terrestrial carbon stock induced by TP land surface darkening should be considered in the development of national ecological security barrier.

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Drought decreases the positive impact of warming on an alpine grassland community

Wang AWangwang LVYang ZHOUBowen LI...

3226-3238页

查看更多>>摘要：Temperature and precipitation are the main factors determining plant community succession and aboveground net primary productivity(ANPP)in natural grasslands.However,most climate manipulative experiments have mainly focused on their impacts in isolation,especially in alpine regions.Here we explored the relative effects and interaction of warming and precipitation alteration on succession and ANPP using a 7-year experiment involving warming with precipitation alteration(increase(IP)or decrease(DP)in precipitation relative to ambient precipitation(AP))on the Tibetan Plateau.Our results showed that warming and warm-wet conditions increased species richness,diversity index,height and cover of overall species.Conversely,decreasing precipitation reduced them,but increased S.purpurea and the rate of change in community compo-sition.Importantly,warming mitigated the impacts of decreased precipitation on plant community composition,and the interactive effects of warming and altered precipitation on cover,height and plant ANPP varied with year and plant species.Generally,warming increased community ANPP through increases in forb ANPP or non-dominant species ANPP and bio-diversity regardless of change in precipitation.However,decreased precipitation reduced community ANPP via decreases in the ANPP of sedges and forbs and biodiversity.Precipitation alteration affected the relationship between biodiversity and community ANPP regardless of warming(IP＜AP＜DP).Therefore,generally warming and decreased precipitation have op-posite effects on ANPP in the alpine grassland,suggesting that warming mitigated the negative impacts of drought on the ANPP of the alpine grassland.

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Contribution of high-latitude permafrost regions in the Northern Hemisphere to global wildfire carbon emissions

Xingru ZHUXiyan XUGensuo JIA

3239-3251页

查看更多>>摘要：Wildfires are major disturbances in permafrost ecosystems,with increasing frequency and intensity in recent years.In permafrost regions,wildfires not only burn surface and subsurface organic matter but also accelerate permafrost thawing,releasing significant amounts of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane into the atmosphere.However,the contribution of high-latitude permafrost regions in the Northern Hemisphere to global wildfire carbon emissions remains poorly understood.This study integrates remote sensing data and ground observations to analyze the contributions of aboveground and belowground fuel combustion in high-latitude permafrost regions to global wildfire carbon emissions from 2002 to 2020,as well as the spatiotemporal variations in these contributions.Our findings indicate that permafrost regions contribute approximately 11.96％of global wildfire carbon emissions,with aboveground emissions accounting for approximately 3.94％of global aboveground emissions and belowground emissions contributing approximately 63.57％of global belowground emissions.The contribution of high-latitude permafrost regions to global emissions peaked in July and August,whereas the continuous permafrost zones(areas with more than 90％permafrost coverage)showed the most significant increase in June and July.The contributions of both aboveground and belowground emissions from high-latitude permafrost regions to global wildfire emis-sions have been increasing,primarily due to the reduction in global wildfire emissions,in contrast with the rising emissions from wildfires in high-latitude permafrost regions.This study highlights the significant role of wildfires,particularly the combustion of belowground biomass in high-latitude permafrost regions,in global carbon emissions.The decomposition and combustion of organic carbon in permafrost regions due to wildfires release more greenhouse gases into the atmosphere,potentially amplifying the positive feedback between atmospheric greenhouse gas accumulation and climate warming.

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First wetland mapping at 10-m spatial resolution in South America using multi-source and multi-feature remote sensing data

Weiwei SUNGang YANGYuling HUANGDehua MAO...

3252-3269页

查看更多>>摘要：Wetland degradation has been accelerating in recent years globally.Accurate information on the geographic distribution and categories of wetlands is essential for their conservation and management.Despite being the world's fourth largest continent,South America has limited research on wetland mapping,and there is currently no available map that provides comprehensive information on wetland distribution and categories in the region.To address this issue,we used Sentinel-1,Sentinel-2 and SRTM data,developed a sample collection method and a wetland mapping method with a collection of multi-source features such as optical features,polarization features and shape features for South American wetlands.We produced a 10-m resolution wetland map based on the Google Earth Engine(GEE)platform.Our Level-1 wetland cover map accurately captured six wetland sub-categories with an overall accuracy of 96.24％and a kappa coefficient of 0.8649,while our Level-2 water cover map included five sub-categories with an overall accuracy of 97.23％and a kappa coefficient of 0.9368.The results show that the total area of existing wetlands in South America is approximately 1,737,000 km2,which is 6.8％of the total land area.Among the ten wetland categories,shallow sea had the largest area(960,527.4 km2),while aquaculture ponds had the smallest area 1513.6 km2.Swamp had the second largest area(306,240.1 km2).Brazil,Argentina,Venezuela,Bolivia,and Colombia were found to have the largest wetland areas,with Brazil and Colombia having the most diverse wetland categories.This product can serve as baseline data for subsequent monitoring,management,and conservation of South American wetlands.

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Spatial-temporal patterns and evolution of carbon storage in China's terrestrial ecosystems from 1980 to 2020

Shaojian WANGShijie ZHOUChuanglin FANG

3270-3287页

查看更多>>摘要：Analyzing the changes in carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems caused by land use changes is a crucial part of exploring the carbon cycle.In addition,enhancing carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems is an effective and environmentally friendly measure to sequester anthropogenic carbon emissions,which is significant for achieving carbon neutrality and curbing global climate change.This paper uses land use data and carbon density tables with the In VEST model to obtain a carbon storage distribution map of China.It further applies land use response elasticity coefficients,Theil index multi-stage nested decom-position,and spatial autocorrelation analysis to examine the spatial-temporal patterns,causes of changes,and evolution char-acteristics of carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems from 1980 to 2020.The results show that the temporal changes in China's carbon storage generally present an inverted S-curve,with an initial rapid decline followed by a slower decrease.Spatially,it features high levels in the northeast,low levels in the northwest,and a uniform distribution in the central and southern regions.The disturbance of land use type changes on terrestrial ecosystem carbon storage has been effectively mitigated.The significant reduction in grassland area in the Southwest region is the main source of carbon storage loss during the study period,and the encroachment of construction land on arable land in large urban agglomerations is one of the important causes of carbon storage loss.The Theil index multi-stage nested decomposition results indicate that the overall difference in carbon storage in China has decreased,while differences among cities within provinces and among counties within cities have increased.The influence of natural factors on the distribution of carbon storage is weakening,whereas the impact of human activities is becoming more profound,enhancing its influence on the spatial distribution of carbon storage in China.From 1980 to 2000,the carbon density in coastal metropolises generally showed a declining trend.From 2000 to 2020,the carbon density in the central urban areas of eastern coastal city clusters gradually showed an upward trend and continued to expand outward,revealing to some extent the"Environmental Kuznets Curve"characteristic in the development process of urban carbon storage.Therefore,in future eco-logical construction,the government should fully consider the impact of land management planning on carbon storage in different regions,promote the efficient use and standardized management of land,and strive to cross the"Environmental Kuznets Curve"inflection point of carbon storage as soon as possible.

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An integrated land change modeler and distributed hydrological model approach for quantifying future urban runoff dynamics

Asad Hussain MUHAMMADWaseem MUHAMMADAjmal MUHAMMADAtiq Ur Rehman Tariq MUHAMMAD...

3288-3301页

查看更多>>摘要：Climate and land use changes have a significant impact on the runoff generation process in urban environments,and these effects could get worse in the future.The combined contributions of these changes have increased the risk of flooding.Therefore,there is a need for integrated modeling to better understand the runoff variability,especially in small urban catch-ments.To quantify and separate the effects of land-use changes and climate change on the hydrological response of urban catchments with a distributed hydrological model(Storm Water Management Model,SWMM),this study introduces a new integrated approach based on the Machine Learning based land use change modeler and climate change scenarios under CMIP6.Based on supervised classification and land use change model analysis,accumulated impervious area increase from 22％(in 2023)to 33％(in 2060)was observed in the study area.Furthermore,integrating this projected increase in imperviousness with future climate change into SWMM by considering three different scenarios i.e.,S1(Climate Change),S2(Combined Land Use and Climate Change),and S3(Land use Change)resulted that climate change could cause an increase in runoff from 13.2％to 18.3％in peak runoff and the contribution of land use could range from 9.1％to 18.6％.Similarly,in response to the coupled effects of climate and land-use change,the runoff would likely change from 24.53％to 39.66％.Conclusively,the study showed that despite climate change,intensive urban development by the substitution of impervious surfaces could also have a severe impact on the microclimate and hydrology of small catchments.Lastly,this study could provide a way forward for the future planning and management of water resources in small catchments which could be extended to larger catchments.

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A general climatology of categorized Martian ionospheric irregularities

Xin WANJiahao ZHONGYongqiang HAOChao XIONG...

3302-3325页

查看更多>>摘要：A climatological survey of Martian ionospheric plasma density irregularities was conducted by exploring the in-situ measurements of the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN(MAVEN)spacecraft.The irregularities were first classified as enhancement,depletion,and oscillation.By checking the simultaneous magnetic field fluctuation,the irregularities have been classified into two types:with or without magnetic signatures.The classified irregularities exhibit diverse global occurrence patterns,as those with magnetic signatures tend to appear near the periphery of the crustal magnetic anomaly(MA),and those without magnetic signatures prefer to appear either inside of the MA or outside of the MA,depending on the type and solar zenith angle.Under most circumstances,the irregularities have a considerable occurrence rate at altitudes above the ionospheric dynamo height(above 200 km),and the magnetization state of the ions seems irrelevant to their occurrence.In addition,the irregularities do not show dependence on magnetic field geometry,except that the enhancement without magnetic signatures favors the vertical field line,implying its equivalence to the localized bulge.Other similarities and discrepancies exist in reference to previous studies.We believe this global survey complements previous research and provides crucial research clues for future efforts to clarify the nature of the Martian ionospheric irregularities.

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Trend of ambient seismic noise attenuation tomography:Theory and applications

Xin LIUZhanwen LI

3326-3330页

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Planet wind:Planetary evolution dominated by electromagnetic forces

Yong WEI

3331-3336页

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