期刊,中国科学:地球科学（英文版） 2024年卷11期_国家学术搜索

期刊信息/Journal information

中国科学:地球科学（英文版）

主　　编：周光召

出版周期：月刊

国际刊号：1674-7313

电子邮箱：sales@scichina.org

电　　话：010-64019820

邮政编码：100717

地　　址：北京东黄城根北街16号

中国科学:地球科学（英文版）/Journal Science China(Earth Sciences)CSCDEISCI

查看更多>>《中国科学》是中国科学院主办、中国科学杂志社出版的自然科学专业性学术刊物。《中国科学》任务是反映中国自然科学各学科中的最新科研成果，以促进国内外的学术交流。《中国科学》以论文形式报道中国基础研究和应用研究方面具有创造性的、高水平的和有重要意义的科研成果。在国际学术界，《中国科学》作为代表中国最高水平的学术刊物也受到高度重视。国际上最具有权威的检索刊物SCI，多年来一直收录《中国科学》的论文。1999年《中国科学》夺得国家期刊奖的第一名。

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An Icy Worlds life detection strategy based on Exo-AUV

Bin WANGHongde QIN

3515-3535页

查看更多>>摘要：In the solar system,Icy Worlds such as Europa and Enceladus hold great potential for extraterrestrial life and may provide humanity an answer,within this century,to the age-old question of life beyond Earth.Exo-AUV technology shows promise in life detection in the icy shell,at the ice-water interface and on the seafloor of exo-ocean.Space agencies,including NASA and DLR,are enthusiastic about deploying Exo-AUVs to explore life in these regions.However,the where and how to find life,the technologies to be utilized and the goals to be achieved are crucial aspects for future Exo-AUV life detection missions on Icy Worlds.This study delves into a hypothetical mission of life detection on Europa,discussing science goals,detectable objects,potential regions and biogenic analysis for Icy Worlds.It proposes a life detection strategy for Icy Worlds based on Exo-AUVs,presents key contextual elements for Exo-AUV operations,outlines technological requirements for hull,payloads and autonomy,introduces the current state of Exo-AUV research and addresses existing challenges.This study also suggests a roadmap for conceptual development of Exo-AUV and a Concept of Operations for Multiple Exo-AUV System(ConOps for MEAS).This system aims to assist planetary scientists and astrobiologists in exploring Icy Worlds,identifying robust biosignatures and potentially discovering extant organisms,even prebiotic chemical systems.

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Relationship between environmental evolution and human activities in the northeastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau throughout the past millennium and its implications for the onset of the Anthropocene

Yang PUXueqiong WEIJianbao LIUKe ZHANG...

3536-3549页

查看更多>>摘要：In current research on the Anthropocene,assessing the impact of human activities via stratigraphic records of sediments and demarcating the Anthropocene epoch globally are critical scientific issues that urgently need to be addressed.The northeastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau(QXP),where humans first settled permanently in large numbers in the QXP,has varying sedimentary environments that are extremely sensitive to human activities.In contrast to other regions of the QXP,the northeastern sector boasts a richer array of climatic and environmental reconstruction sequences.This distinctive feature renders it an exemplary locale for investigating the stratigraphic boundary of the Anthropocene.Through in-depth analysis and in-tegration of existing paleoclimate and paleoenvironment sequences in the northeastern QXP,we draw the following conclusions:(1)Throughout the past millennium,the impact of human activities on the environment of the northeastern QXP has become increasingly significant,especially in the past 200-300 years,gradually overshadowing climatic factors.(2)Since AD 1950,multiple physicochemical indicators related to human activities in the northeastern QXP have shown exponential growth,forming a distinct peak within the past millennium and clearly depicting the global"Great Acceleration"phenomenon and its development process.(3)Intensified human activities have driven swift environmental shifts and"decoupled"the interplay between climatic variations and the ecological environment,propelling the northeastern QXP into the"Early Anthropocene"from the"Late Holocene".On the basis of the above findings,we construct a model suitable for identifying the stratigraphic boundary of the Anthropocene in the northeastern QXP and note that since the ecological environment in the northeastern QXP has entered the"Early Anthropocene",the climate signals of certain physicochemical indicators in sediments are gradually becoming weaker,whereas the signals of human activities are becoming stronger.

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Human disturbance exacerbated erosion and deposition in the karst peak-cluster depressions during the Ming and Qing dynasties

Shuai YUANYuemin YUEXinbao ZHANGLu WANG...

3550-3561页

查看更多>>摘要：Under the background of large-scale ecological restoration,China's southwestern karst region has become a hotspot of global vegetation cover"greening"in the past 20 years.However,because of geological constraints,it is difficult to restore the forest landscapes in some areas.It is urgent to understand the impacts of human disturbances during the historical period on the difficult-to-forestation rocky-desertification areas of the karst region in order to guide future afforestation.In this study,we quantified the changes of specific sediment yield in typical karst depressions over the past 500 years by using 137Cs,210Pb,and 14C dating methods in karst depressions,and identified the main human disturbances related to historical erosion and sedi-mentation by combining with historical data.The results showed that the erosion and sedimentation of the three depressions in 1921-1963 were significantly higher than that in 1963-2021,and the sedimentation rate(0.64-1.33 cm a-1)and the specific sediment yield(2.51-13.11 tha-1 a-1)during Ming and Qing dynasties(1504-1812)were higher than the sedimentation rate(0.26-0.95 cm a-1)and specific sediment yield(0.95-6.99t ha-1 a-1)in the recent century(1921-2021).Reconstruction data and literature from the Ming and Qing dynasties show an empirical link between changes in population,arable land,food,forest area,and deforestation events during the same period.It was found that the population and arable land in Guangxi increased more than three-fold and the forest area decreased significantly in the 17th century after the migration of the Yao ethnic group and the introduction of maize to the region,which may be the main reason for intensifying the erosion of depressions.This study is of great significance to understanding the evolution history of rocky desertification in this region and to answer the potential of afforestation.

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Reconciled estimation of Antarctic ice sheet mass balance and contribution to global sea level change from 1996 to 2021

Rongxing LIGuojun LIGang HAIHuan XIE...

3562-3578页

查看更多>>摘要：The Antarctic Ice Sheet(AIS)has been losing ice mass and contributing to global sea level rise(GSLR).Given its mass that is enough to cause～58 m of GSLR,accurate estimation of mass balance trend is critical for AIS mass loss monitoring and sea level rise forecasting.Here,we present an improved approach to reconciled solutions of mass balance in AIS and its regions from multiple contributing solutions using the input-out,altimetric,and gravimetric methods.In comparison to previous methods,such as IMBIE 2018,this approach utilizes an adaptive data aggregation window to handle the heterogeneity of the contributing solutions,including the number of solutions,temporal distributions,uncertainties,and estimation techniques.We improved the regression-based method by using a two-step procedure that establishes ensembled solutions within each method(input-output,altimetry,or gravimetry)and then estimates the method-independent reconciled solutions.For the first time,16 contributing solutions from 8 Chinese institutions are used to estimate the reconciled mass balance of AIS and its regions from 1996 to 2021.Our results show that AIS has lost a total ice mass of～3213±253 Gt during the period,an equivalent of～8.9±0.7 mm of GSLR.There is a sustained mass loss acceleration since 2006,from 88.1±3.6 Gt yr-1 during 1996-2005 to 130.7±8.4 Gt yr-1 during 2006-2013 and further to 157.0±9.0 Gt yr-1during 2014-2021.The mass loss signal in the West Antarctica and Antarctic Peninsula is dominant and clearly presented in the reconciled estimation and contributing solutions,regardless of estimation methods used and fluctuation of surface mass balance.Uncertainty and challenges remain in mass balance estimation in East Antarctica.This reconciled estimation approach can be extended and applied for improved mass balance estimation in the Greenland Ice Sheet and mountain glacier regions.

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Response of global agricultural productivity anomalies to drought stress in irrigated and rainfed agriculture

Xinxin CHENLunche WANGQian CAOJia SUN...

3579-3593页

查看更多>>摘要：The response of agricultural productivity anomalies to drought stress plays a crucial role in the carbon cycle within terrestrial ecosystems and in ensuring food security.However,detailed analysis of how global agricultural productivity anomalies response to drought stress,particularly within irrigated and rainfed agricultural systems,remains insufficient.In this study,the impact of drought stress on agricultural productivity anomalies during the growing season(zcNDVIS),across both irrigated and rainfed agriculture,were analyzed using a suite of hydro-climatic variables.Specifically,the investigation utilized the multi-scalar Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index(SPEI),the Multivariate ENSO Index(MEI),and the Madden-Julian Oscillation(MJO).Meanwhile,the relationships between hydroclimatic variables and zcNDVIs were analyzed at one,two,three and four months before the ending of growing season(EOS).Results showed that(1)the percentages of significant(p＜0.1)drying trends varied across the globe from 8.30％to 13.42％,6.50％to 14.63％,6.52％to 14.23％,and 6.47％to 14.95％at one-,two-,three-,and four-month lead times before EOS,respectively,during 2001-2020,which represented by the multiscalar SPEI.This observation highlights that most regions across the globe tend to be arid,which could significantly impact agricultural productivity;(2)the global mean correlation coefficients(rmax)for SPEI-1,SPEI-3,SPEI-6,SPEI-12(indicating SPEI at 1-,3-,6-,and 12-month lags),MEI,and MJO with zcNDVIS ranged between 0.24-0.25,0.27-0.28,0.25-0.26,0.21-0.22,-0.02-0.01 and 0.06-0.11,respectively,across both irrigated and rainfed agriculture system from 2001 to 2020.Agricultural productivity anomalies demonstrated a significant correlation with drought stress.The strongest correlations were noted for SPEI-3 and SPEI-6,suggesting a delayed response of crops to drought conditions.This indicates that agriculture ecosystem experiences prolonged disturbances due to abiotic drought stress;and(3)the percentages of regions that showed significant correlations(p＜0.1)between zcNDVIS and drought indices(SPEI-1,SPEI-3,SPEI-6,and SPEI-12),as well as climate indices(MEI and MJO)ranged as follows:14.77％-20.27％,21.51％-32.55％,22.60％-35.68％,21.89％-35.16％,7.93％-11.20％and 9.44％-17.94％.Quantitatively identifying how zcNDVIS spatially responds to hydro-climatic variables can help us better understand the impact of drought on agricultural productivity anomalies worldwide.

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Application of plant DNA metabarcoding of lake sediments for monitoring vegetation compositions on the Tibetan Plateau

Kai WUKai LIWeihan JIAKathleen R.STOOF-LEICHSENRING...

3594-3609页

查看更多>>摘要：Benefiting from the rapid development of environmental DNA(eDNA)technologies,sedimentary DNA(sedDNA)emerges as a promising tool for monitoring plant compositions in remote regions.The Tibetan Plateau(TP),renowned for its harsh environment and numerous ponds and lakes,presents a potentially demanding region for the application of sedDNA on vegetation investigations.Here,we used the g and h universal primers for the P6 loop region of the chloroplast trnL(UAA)intron to amplify plant DNA in surface sediments from 59 ponds and small lakes on the southwestern TP.The applicability and limitations of using plant DNA metabarcoding for modem vegetation monitoring and palaeo-vegetation reconstructions have been assessed by comparing sedDNA,pollen,and vegetation survey data.Our results showed that plant DNA metabarcoding recorded 186 terrestrial taxa,of which 30.1％can be identified at the species level.The plant sedDNA approach can effectively disclose the dominant plant taxa(including Asteraceae,Cyperaceae and Poaceae)and significant vegetation assemblages in the vicinity of the investigated sites.The number of taxa and taxonomic resolution of plant sedDNA exceeded that of pollen analysis(75 taxa detected,5.3％can be identified at species level).Unlike pollen that retains a broad spectrum of regional plant signals(including Pinus and Artemisia),plant sedDNA mirrors very local plants,underscoring its utility in local vegetation monitoring and reconstructions.To conclude,plant DNA metabarcoding of(small)lake sediments warrant increased attention in the future for local vegetation monitoring and reconstructions on the TP.

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Retrieval of high spatial resolution mountainous land surface temperature considering topographic and adjacency effects

Zhiwei HEBohui TANGZhaoliang LI

3610-3625页

查看更多>>摘要：Land surface temperature(LST)is a key parameter reflecting the interaction between land and atmosphere.Currently,thermal infrared(TIR)quantitative remote sensing technology is the only means to obtain large-scale,high spatial resolution LST.Accurately retrieving high spatial resolution mountainous LST(MLST)plays an important role in the study of mountain climate change.The complex terrain and strong spatial heterogeneity in mountainous areas change the geometric relationship between the surface and satellite sensors,affecting the radiation received by the sensors,and rendering the assumption of planar parallelism invalid.In this study,considering the influence of complex terrain in mountainous areas on atmospheric downward radiation and the thermal radiation contribution of adjacent pixels,a mountainous TIR radiative transfer model based on the sky view factor was developed.Combining with the atmospheric radiative transfer model MODTRAN 5.2,a nonlinear generalized split-window algorithm suitable for high spatial resolution MLST retrieval was constructed and applied to Landsat-9 TIRS-2 satellite TIR remote sensing data.The analysis results indicate that neglecting the topographic and adjacency effects would lead to significant discrepancies in LST retrieval,with simulated data showing LST differences of up to 2.5 K.Furthermore,due to the lack of measured MLST in the field,the MLST accuracy obtained by this retrieval method was indirectly validated using the currently recognized highest-accuracy forward 3D radiative transfer model DART.The MLST and emissivity were input into the DART model to simulate the brightness temperature at the top of the atmosphere(TOA)of Landsat-9 band 10,and compared with the brightness temperature at TOA of Landsat-9 band 10.The RMSE(Root Mean Square Error)for the two subregions was 0.50 and 0.61 K,respectively,indicating that the method proposed can retrieve high-precision MLST.

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'Super-stable'interlayer organic carbon in soil clay minerals and its impact on soil carbon sequestration

Dong LIUChuanqin HUANGKeqing XIAOYongguan ZHU...

3626-3630页

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Progress in models for coupled human and natural systems

Tianxiang YUEChenchen WUWenjiao SHIYongzhong TIAN...

3631-3637页

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Resuspended sediment in marine bottom water as a potential source for refractory dissolved organic matter

Xiaoqing LIURui BAO

3638-3640页

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