期刊,中国科学:地球科学（英文版） 2024年卷5期_国家学术搜索

期刊信息/Journal information

中国科学:地球科学（英文版）

主　　编：周光召

出版周期：月刊

国际刊号：1674-7313

电子邮箱：sales@scichina.org

电　　话：010-64019820

邮政编码：100717

地　　址：北京东黄城根北街16号

中国科学:地球科学（英文版）/Journal Science China(Earth Sciences)CSCDEISCI

查看更多>>《中国科学》是中国科学院主办、中国科学杂志社出版的自然科学专业性学术刊物。《中国科学》任务是反映中国自然科学各学科中的最新科研成果，以促进国内外的学术交流。《中国科学》以论文形式报道中国基础研究和应用研究方面具有创造性的、高水平的和有重要意义的科研成果。在国际学术界，《中国科学》作为代表中国最高水平的学术刊物也受到高度重视。国际上最具有权威的检索刊物SCI，多年来一直收录《中国科学》的论文。1999年《中国科学》夺得国家期刊奖的第一名。

正式出版

收录年代

An overview and perspective of identifying lunar craters

Yan JIANGChangyi XULing CHEN

1395-1416页

查看更多>>摘要：The spatiotemporal evolution of lunar impact craters is crucial for investigating lunar interior structure,internal and external dynamic processes,and interplanetary impact history.Advances in lunar crater identification are reviewed based on topography and gravity data,and the features and mechanisms of topographic or buried craters are analyzed regarding mor-phology,gravity anomalies,gravity gradients,and the underlying crust-mantle interface relief.Based on the compiled crater catalog,the early lunar impact flux and thermal evolution are further discussed according to the basin ages and their interior structures.For some ancient impact basins,the crater size-frequency distribution measurements revealed age discrepancies from previous studies,suggesting that the lunar late heavy bombardment event started at～3.95 Ga.The degraded bulge structures of the crust-mantle interface beneath mare basins reveal that these basins formed on the lunar crust surface under high-temperature conditions and underwent prolonged relaxation compared to highland basins.Finally,we reveal that the up-to-date identification of lunar buried craters remains inaccurate and incomplete,preventing us from accurately reconstructing lunar and interplanetary impact histories.Therefore,we propose that a gravity model constructed using localized orthogonal basis functions can be useful for identifying lunar craters.

原文链接:

万方数据
维普

Origin and tectonic setting of low-Si alkaline magma

Qiushi ZHOURui WANG

1417-1435页

查看更多>>摘要：Despite of the relatively rare occurrence of alkaline igneous rocks on Earth,they are the most diverse group of igneous rocks due to variations in their mineral assemblages and geochemical compositions.Alkaline igneous rocks are generally characterized by Si undersaturation,and K-Na(and in some cases C)enrichment.Although there is no unified alkaline igneous rock classification scheme,diagrams such as total alkalis-SiO2 or K2O-SiO2 can be used to classify alkaline igneous rocks.The origins of silica-saturated alkaline rocks(SiO2＞52 wt.％)are relatively complex because multiple episodes of magmatism are often involved,therefore most studies have focused on the origins of silica-undersaturated alkaline magmas.Numerous experimental petrological studies have been conducted in the past few decades.Initially,it was considered that enrichment of trace elements was only achieved by low-degree partial melting of mantle peridotite,but the experimental melts could not reproduce the geochemical composition of natural alkaline igneous rocks.Subsequent studies have focused on carbonate-bearing eclogites that represent the average component of subducted oceanic crust.Although experimental studies indicate that silica-undersaturated and alkali-oversaturated melts can be generated from eclogites,some studies have considered that natural silica-undersaturated alkaline igneous rocks are the result of multi-stage source enrichment by incompatible ele-ments.Low-degree partial melts of the mantle can be emplaced in the lithospheric mantle,forming veins consisting of phlo-gopite,amphibole,and pyroxene.Melting experiments including these components show that the produced melts better reproduce the naturally occurring silica-undersaturated alkaline magmas.Silica-deficient alkaline igneous rocks occur in various tectonic settings.Those in intraplate and divergent settings(i.e.,mainly continental rifts)normally involve contributions from recycled components such as subducted slabs at the mantle transition zone(MTZ)or metasomatized lithospheric mantle.At convergent plate boundaries,silica-undersaturated alkaline magmas can be derived by the melting of mélange or the focused breakdown of phlogopite at back-arc depths.We compiled global data for alkaline igneous rocks and discovered that silica-undersaturated alkaline igneous rocks in continental collisional zones are K-rich and differ from those from other tectonic settings.We suggest that subducted continental sediment is an important K-rich end-member,which contributes a large amount of K to the alkaline magmas in the collision zone.Moreover,the solidus of K-rich minerals in the subducted plate implies that K can only participate in magmatism in the subduction zone.Before the plate reaches a depth of～300 km,the mica-group minerals,K-feldspar,evaporitic minerals,and other K-rich minerals are gradually consumed and rarely participate in deeper processes.In contrast,relatively Na-rich minerals such as pyroxene can be transported into the deeper mantle with eclogitic oceanic crust,and the resultant melt can enter the lithosphere owing to convective mantle flow.This forms metasomatic minerals,such as amphibole,in the lithospheric mantle,which melt to generate Na-rich and low-Si alkaline magmas.

原文链接:

万方数据
维普

Applications of mercury stable isotopes for tracing volcanism in the geologic record

Qing GONGMing-Xing LINGWang ZHENG

1436-1458页

查看更多>>摘要：Mercury(Hg)enrichments in ancient sediments have been used as a proxy of volcanism,especially large igneous province(LIP)eruptions.However,considering the existence of other potential Hg sources besides volcanoes and the diverse factors(e.g.,organic matters,clay minerals,sulfide minerals and Fe oxides)that can affect Hg sequestration,there are con-siderable uncertainties to simply regard sedimentary Hg anomalies as signatures of volcanic activities.Mercury stable isotopes,a promising tool for tracing the origins and transformations of Hg,have been increasingly used for determining the causes of Hg spikes and understanding the geochemical behavior of Hg in the geologic record.To date,lots of researches have applied Hg concentrations and Hg isotopes to identify LIP volcanisms linking with significant geological events such as mass extinctions,ocean anoxic events and other environmental perturbations that mainly occurred in the Phanerozoic.However,the results in previous studies clearly show that not all Hg enrichments are derived from volcanic inputs,which emphasize the need for more caution in using Hg as a fingerprint of volcanism.With a better understanding of Hg isotopes in the future,there will be important implications for Hg isotopes to reconstruct volcanic activities in the rock records and their impacts on biological evolution.

原文链接:

万方数据
维普

A review of integrated surface-subsurface numerical hydrological models

Lele SHUHao CHENXianhong MENGYan CHANG...

1459-1479页

查看更多>>摘要：Hydrological modeling,leveraging mathematical formulations to represent the hydrological cycle,is a pivotal tool in representing the spatiotemporal dynamics and distribution patterns inherent in hydrology.These models serve a dual purpose:they validate theoretical robustness and applicability via observational data and project future trends,thereby bridging the understanding and prediction of natural processes.In rapid advancements in computational methodologies and the continuous evolution of observational and experimental techniques,the development of numerical hydrological models based on physically-based surface-subsurface process coupling have accelerated.Anchored in micro-scale conservation principles and physical equations,these models employ numerical techniques to integrate surface and subsurface hydrodynamics,thus replicating the macro-scale hydrological responses of watersheds.Numerical hydrological models have emerged as a leading and predominant trend in hydrological modeling due to their explicit representation of physical processes,heightened by their spatiotemporal resolution and reliance on interdisciplinary integration.This article focuses on the theoretical foundation of surface-subsurface numerical hydrological models.It includes a comparative and analytical discussion of leading numerical hydrological models,encompassing model architecture,numerical solution strategies,spatial representation,and coupling algorithms.Additionally,this paper contrasts these models with traditional hydrological models,thereby delineating the relative merits,drawbacks,and future directions of numerical hydrological modeling.

原文链接:

万方数据
维普

Late Cenozoic uplift of the Liupan Mountains:Evidence from the Neogene loess deposits

Zhilin HEYansong QIAOZhengtang GUOChaoqin CHEN...

1480-1488页

查看更多>>摘要：The Liupan Mountains,one of the important mountain ranges in western China,are located on the boundary between the northeastern Tibetan Plateau and the Ordos Block.The uplift history of the Liupan Mountains remains controversial.Loess deposits are good tracers of regional tectonic and geomorphic changes,because loess is sensitive to erosion and the formation and preservation of loess requires relatively flat highlands and relatively stable tectonic environments.We investigated the distribution of Neogene loess deposits on the western piedmont of the Liupan Mountains and examined a near-continuous loess section(Nanping section)on the piedmont alluvial highlands.Correlation of magnetic susceptibility stratigraphy with the QA-I Miocene loess sequence dates this 56-m section covering the interval from～8.1 to 6.2 Ma.The lower boundary age of this section,together with previously reported Zhuanglang red clay(sand-gravel layers with intercalated loess during～9-8 Ma and near-continuous loess during～8-4.8 Ma)and Chaona red clay(～8.1-2.58 Ma),indicates that the Liupan Mountains were uplifted in the late Miocene(～9-8 Ma)and basically formed by～8 Ma,attesting to no intense mountain building since that time.In addition,based on the information from the Zhuanglang core and the QA-I section,we infer that sizable parts of the Liupan Mountains were uplifted during the late Oligocene-early Miocene and did not experience intense uplift during～22-9 Ma.

原文链接:

万方数据
维普

Human activity over natural inputs determines the bacterial community in an ice core from the Muztag ata glacier

Yongqin LIUNianzhi JIAOMukan JIKeshao LIU...

1489-1499页

查看更多>>摘要：Ice core provides a valuable vertical timeline of past climates and anthropogenic activities.Environmental proxies have been widely used in these studies,but there are few biological indicators available.To address this gap,we investigated the bacterial community from a 74 m ice core of Muztag ata glacier on the Tibetan Plateau to link biological indicators with past climate and anthropogenic activities.By analyzing the portion of the ice core with environmental proxies available(corre-sponding to 1907 to 1991),we observed an increase in bacterial richness throughout the ice core,which was associated with higher NH4+,an indicator of agricultural development.The bacterial community was jointly determined by human activity,natural input,and air temperature,with a strong human influence after the 1950s.Furthermore,the relative abundance of animal gut-associated bacteria,including Aerococcaceae,Nocardiaceae,Muribaculaceae,and Lachnospiraceae,was associated with livestock number changes in the Central Asian region.Together with other bacterial lineages,they jointly explained 59.8％of the livestock number changes.This study provides quantitative evidence of the associations between bacterial indicators and past climate and human activities,highlighting the potential of using bacterial proxies for ice core studies.

原文链接:

万方数据
维普

Estimating the optimal vegetation coverage for the dominant tree and shrub species over China's northwest drylands

Zhongdian ZHANGXiaoxu JIAPing ZHUMingbin HUANG...

1500-1517页

查看更多>>摘要：Anthropogenic revegetation is an effective way to control soil erosion and restore degraded ecosystems in China's northwest drylands(NWD).However,excessive vegetation cover expansion has long been known to increase evapo-transpiration,leading to reduced local water availability,which can in turn threaten the health and services of restored eco-systems.Determining the optimal vegetation coverage(OVC)is critical for balancing the trade-off between plant growth and water consumption in water-stressed areas,yet quantitative assessments over the entire NWD are still lacking.In this study,a modified Biome BioGeochemical Cycles(Biome-BGC)model was used to simulate the long-term(1961-2020)dynamics of actual evapotranspiration(ETa),net primary productivity(NPP),and leaf area index(LAI)for the dominant non-native tree(R.pseudoacacia and P.sylvestris)and shrub(C.korshinkii and H.rhamnoides)species at 246 meteorological sites over NWD.The modified model incorporated the Richards equation to simulate transient unsaturated water flow in a multilayer soil module,and both soil and eco-physiological parameters required by the model were validated using field-observed ETa data for each species.Spatial distributions of OVC(given by the mean maximum LAI,LAImax)for the dominant species were determined within three hydrogeomorphic sub-areas(i.e.,the loess hilly-gully sub-area,the windy and sandy sub-area,and the desert sub-area).The modified Biome-BGC model performed well in terms of simulating ETa dynamics for the four plant species.Spatial distributions of mean ETa,NPP,and LAImax generally exhibited patterns similar to mean annual precipitation(MAP).In the loess hilly-gully sub-area(MAP:210 to 710 mm),the OVC respectively ranged from 1.7 to 2.9 and 0.8 to 2.9 for R.pseudoacacia and H.rhamnoides.In the windy and sandy sub-area(MAP:135 to 500 mm),the OVC ranged from 0.3 to 3.3,0.5 to 2.6 and 0.6 to 2.1 for P.sylvestris,C.korshinkii and H.rhamnoides,respectively.In the desert sub-area(MAP:90 to 500 mm),the OVC ranged from 0.4 to 1.7 for H.rhamnoides.Positive differences between observed and simulated plant coverage were found over 51％of the forest-and shrub-covered area,especially in the loess hilly-gully sub-area,suggesting possible widespread overplanting in those areas.This study provides critical revegetation thresholds for dominant tree and shrub species to guide future revegetation activities.Further revegetation in areas with overplanting should be undertaken with caution,and restored ecosystems that exceed the OVC should be managed(e.g.,thinning)to maintain a sustainable ecohydrological environment in the drylands.

原文链接:

万方数据

Linking leaf elemental traits to biomass across forest biomes in the Himalayas

Nita DYOLAEryuan LIANGJosep PEÑUELASJ.Julio CAMARERO...

1518-1528页

查看更多>>摘要：Plants require a number of essential elements in different proportions for ensuring their growth and development.The elemental concentrations in leaves reflect the functions and adaptations of plants under specific environmental conditions.However,less is known about how the spectrum of leaf elements associated with resource acquisition,photosynthesis and growth regulates forest biomass along broad elevational gradients.We examined the influence of leaf element distribution and diversity on forest biomass by analyzing ten elements(C,N,P,K,Ca,Mg,Zn,Fe,Cu,and Mn)in tree communities situated every 100 meters along an extensive elevation gradient,ranging from the tropical forest(80 meters above sea level)to the alpine treeline(4200 meters above sea level)in the Kangchenjunga Landscape in eastern Nepal Himalayas.We calculated community-weighted averages(reflecting dominant traits governing biomass,i.e.,mass-ratio effect)and functional divergence(reflecting increased trait variety,i.e.,complementarity effect)for leaf elements in a total of 1,859 trees representing 116 species.An increasing mass-ratio effect and decreasing complementarity in leaf elements enhance forest biomass accumulation.A com-bination of elements together with elevation explains biomass(52.2％of the variance)better than individual elemental trait diversity(0.05％to 21％of the variance).Elevation modulates trait diversity among plant species in biomass accumulation.Complementarity promotes biomass at lower elevations,but reduces biomass at higher elevations,demonstrating an interaction between elevation and complementarity.The interaction between elevation and mass-ratio effect produces heterogeneous effects on biomass along the elevation gradient.Our research indicates that biomass accumulation can be disproportionately affected by elevation due to interactions among trait diversities across vegetation zones.While higher trait variation enhances the adaptation of species to environmental changes,it reduces biomass accumulation,especially at higher elevations.

原文链接:

万方数据
维普

Nutrient enrichment driven by canopy rainfall redistribution:Mechanism,quantification,and pattern

Chuan YUANXiaoping YUEYafeng ZHANGYu ZHANG...

1529-1544页

查看更多>>摘要：Vegetation canopies intercept and redistribute rainfall into throughfall and stemflow,which transfer substantial amounts of elements into the soil,influencing soil microbial community,plant survival,and plant community succession.Despite advancements in ecohydrological research,the implication of nutrient enrichment resulting from this redistribution of rainfall by canopies remains largely unexplored.To address this gap,we conducted a systematic review of 1020 papers published between 2000 and 2022,gathering data on nutrient concentration and enrichment for critical ions(including K+,Na+,Ca2+,Mg2+,NH4+,Cl-,NO3-and SO42-)from the Web of Science and Chinese Knowledge Infrastructure databases.We aimed to synthesize the mechanisms,quantify the enrichments,and identify global patterns of nutrient enrichment in stemflow and throughfall across climate zones,and vegetation types and ecosystems.The results of this study indicate that stemflow exhibits,on average,2.1 times greater ion concentration(6.13 mg L-1)compared to throughfall.In particular,among the investigated ions,SO42-(12.45 and 6.32 mg L-1)for stemflow and throughfall,respectively,and Cl-(9.21 and 4.81 mg L-1)exhibit the highest concentrations in both rainfall redistribution components,while K+(13.7 and 5.8)and Mg2+(5.6 and 2.8)have the highest enrichment factors.Across climate zones,throughfall and stemflow show the lowest ion concentrations but the highest enrichment factors in extremely humid regions.Along the temperature gradient,ion concentrations are the highest in cold climates with no clear patterns observed for enrichment factors with increasing temperature.In addition,shrubs,conifers,mixed forests,and artificial ecosystems demonstrate enrichment factors 1.1 to 3.0 times greater than those of trees,broad-leaved plants,pure forests,and natural ecosystems.These findings emphasize the need for increased attentions to artificial ecosystems,such as urban and agricultural ecosystems,which often received limited research focus,especially regarding shrubs and conifers exhibiting stronger nutrients enrichment capabilities.Future investigations should integrate soil moisture analysis to better understand the impact of rainfall redistribution on the nutrient enrichment processes,patterns,and nutrient balance in global terrestrial eco-systems.

原文链接:

万方数据
维普

Surface water resource attenuation attribution and patterns in Hai River Basin

Qingming WANGYong ZHAOHao WANGJiaqi ZHAI...

1545-1560页

查看更多>>摘要：From 1956 to 2016,Hai River Basin suffered the most severe surface water resource attenuation among the 10 first-class river basins in China.Based on the surface water circulation process,and evolving characteristics of precipitation and underlying surface in Hai River Basin,this study attributed the causes of surface water resource attenuation to six primary impact factors,analyzed each factor's quantitative contribution,and revealed four patterns of surface water resource at-tenuation in Hai River Basin.The pattern of the dominant factor:comparing the 1980-2000 period with the 1956-1979 period,the variation of precipitation is the dominant factor of which contribution is 7 billion m3,accounting for 59％of total 11.7 billion m3;comparing the 2001-2016 period with the 1956-1979 period,the increasing of vegetation cover in moun-tainous area is the dominant factor of which contribution is 2.78 billion m3,accounting for 51％of total 4.9 billion m3.The pattern of spatial distributions:comparing the 2001-2016 period with the 1956-1979 period,mountainous areas were more affected by increasing vegetation cover which for example contributed 42％in Luan River Basin mountainous;the plains were more impacted by farmland ridge interception which for example contributed 51％in Beisi River Basin plains.The pattern of attenuation trend:comparing the 2001-2016 period with the 1980-2000 period,surface water resources in mountainous areas continued to decline,owing to the increasing water consumption of large-scale vegetation restoration,while the influence of the underlying surface changes on surface water resources in plains areas tended to remain stable.The pattern of reversible change:among factors led to surface water resource attenuation,the human activity,including vegetation cover increase,farmland ridge interception,and urbanization expansion,contributed 36％of the attenuation,which resulted in the variation of precipitation-runoff relation.This study improved the traditional attribution classification model of climate change and human activity and analyzed the causes and contributions of water resource attenuation in Hai River Basin based on the water circulation process,which can provide scientific support for the development of water resource management in the basin.

原文链接:

万方数据
维普