首页期刊导航|中国科学:地球科学（英文版）
期刊信息/Journal information
中国科学:地球科学（英文版）
中国科学:地球科学（英文版）

周光召

月刊

1674-7313

sales@scichina.org

010-64019820

100717

北京东黄城根北街16号

中国科学:地球科学（英文版）/Journal Science China(Earth Sciences)CSCDEISCI
查看更多>>《中国科学》是中国科学院主办、中国科学杂志社出版的自然科学专业性学术刊物。《中国科学》任务是反映中国自然科学各学科中的最新科研成果，以促进国内外的学术交流。《中国科学》以论文形式报道中国基础研究和应用研究方面具有创造性的、高水平的和有重要意义的科研成果。在国际学术界，《中国科学》作为代表中国最高水平的学术刊物也受到高度重视。国际上最具有权威的检索刊物SCI，多年来一直收录《中国科学》的论文。1999年《中国科学》夺得国家期刊奖的第一名。
正式出版
收录年代

    The earliest evidence for a microblade adaptation in the remote,high altitude regions of the Tibetan Plateau

    Yingshuai JINXiaoling ZHANGShejiang WANGJunyi GE...
    1561-1573页
    查看更多>>摘要：Microblade assemblages are among the most common prehistoric archaeological materials found on the Tibetan Plateau(TP)and are thought to indicate large scale migration to and settlement of the TP.Few microblade sites,however,have been systematically excavated,especially in the remotest,highest-elevation regions of the TP.The timing of the large-scale arrival,spread,and permanent settlement of people on the TP therefore remains controversial.In this paper,we report on a recently excavated site,Locality 3 of the Nwya Dew Site(ND3),located at 4600 meters above sea level(masl),near the shore of Ngoin Lake,on the interior TP.Our analyses reveal a fairly typical microblade technological orientation and two types of microblade cores:wedge-shaped and semi-conical,which are similar to those found throughout North China.Using Optically Stimulated Luminescence(OSL)dating and AMS 14C dating,the age of ND3 ranges from 11 to 10 ka.This date range indicates ND3 is the oldest microblade site yet recorded in the remote,high-elevation regions of the TP and thus provides important information about when and how hunter-gatherers using microblades began exploiting the higher altitudes of the TP.Taken together,studies at ND3 and throughout the TP suggest that a microblade adaptation is associated with the first prolonged human occupation of the plateau and that microblades played a significant role in mediating the risks and facilitating the mobility necessary to permanently inhabit the TP.
      原文链接:
    • 万方数据
    • 维普

    Feeding prehistoric coastal community:A study of marine faunal remains at the Jingtoushan site

    Endong WUGuoping SUNYing ZHANG
    1574-1590页
    查看更多>>摘要：This article examines the abundant marine mollusc,and fish remains at the Jingtoushan shell midden(8,300 to 7,800 cal a BP)in Zhejiang Province,China,to investigate the fishing economy,community development,the palaeoenvir-onment,and their interactions among the prehistoric populations in the lower Yangtze River Basin and southeastern coastal China.It also attempts to explore the prosperity and decline of coastal settlements in China during the Neolithic Age and the potential reasons for their rise and fall,respectively.Based on the ecological and biological principles of marine animals,standard zooarchaeological methods and radiocarbon dating analysis are used for sampling,identification,measurement,and quantification.Results show that at least 11 mollusc taxa and 14 fish taxa can be identified from the Jingtoushan faunal assemblage.The ancient Jingtoushan residents possibly lived in a settlement close to the coast and engaged in inshore and offshore fishing,hunting,and gathering as their primary subsistence strategies,with low-level rice cultivation as a supplementary means of sustenance.Eventually,the changes in the coastal environment could be one of the reasons why the Jingtoushan residents abandoned their settlement.The research contributes to Chinese Neolithic archaeology with new evidence of the exploitation of marine resources around 8000 a BP in the eastern coastal areas and the relationship between Neolithic community development and environmental changes.
      原文链接:
    • 万方数据
    • 维普

    Boosting spring runoff into the sea by reservoir regulation and its potential for estuarine fishery recovery

    Xiao WUHoujie WANGYongyong FANNaishuang BI...
    1591-1603页
    查看更多>>摘要：With global surge in reservoir construction over the past decades,river systems worldwide have been profoundly fragmented.Consequently,flow manipulation by reservoirs has altered the natural hydrological processes,resulting in extensive modifications of fluvial-marine ecosystems.Mitigating the adverse ecological consequences of reservoirs has become a global concern and has garnered increasing attention.The Yellow River,as one of the most extensively manipulated river systems globally,has experienced substantial changes in the amount and timing of water discharge due to the presence of numerous reservoirs scattered throughout its catchment area.These alterations have caused physicochemical changes in the estuary and subsequent modifications to the estuarine ecosystem.In recent years,the Yellow River Conservancy Committee initiated the release of water through the Xiaolangdi Dam during the major spawning period of fisheries,specifically in the spring,with the aim of improving the estuarine ecological environment.From 2011 to 2020,a total of 84.05 km3 of water was discharged from the Xiaolangdi Reservoir during spring seasons,of which 40％(33.16 km3)constituted water impounded within the reservoir during preceding months.Correspondingly,the spring water discharge from the Yellow River to the sea increased significantly from 1.50 km3/yr to 3.46 km3/yr in the past decade,leading to a decrease in estuarine salinity by 1.6 PSU.The estuarine fishery resources,such as fish eggs in the Yellow River estuary,have demonstrated evident improvement.The reservoir regulation in the Yellow River,which has successfully enhanced spring water discharge and subsequently restored estuarine fishery resources,presents an effective attempt for mitigating the adverse ecological effects associated with reservoirs.
      原文链接:
    • 万方数据
    • 维普

    The source of Double ITCZ induced by the SST bias over the tropical western Pacific as reflected in CAS-ESM2 Model

    Jinning TONGFei ZHENGJiangbo JINRuowen YANG...
    1604-1615页
    查看更多>>摘要："Double ITCZ"is a common precipitation bias over the tropical Pacific in current climate models and Earth system models,but the reasons for its formation are still worth exploring and discussing.In this study,we adopted the second version of Chinese Academy of Sciences Earth System Model(CAS-ESM2),by comparing a set of sea surface temperature(SST)bias correction experiments over the tropical Pacific,to explore the possible mechanism of SST bias on inducing the"Double ITCZ"from the perspective of the climatic annual mean bias in the coupled model.We revealed that the simulated climatic annual mean SST bias over the tropical Pacific can affect the bias of latent heat flux through the saturation specific humidity,and the bias of latent heat flux can further affect that of vertical velocity of humid air by the condensation release mechanism,and finally modulate the simulated bias in precipitation.Furthermore,through the inter-comparison between different experiments,it is found that the source of Double ITCZ might mainly come from the annual mean SST bias over the tropical western Pacific through the proposed air-sea coupled process of"SST-saturated specific humidity-latent heat flux-vertical velocity-precipita-tion",indicating a possible way on reducing the couple biases in models over the tropical Pacific to improve the accuracy of CAS-ESM2 for climate simulation.
      原文链接:
    • 万方数据
    • 维普

    Quantitative estimation of global mean precipitation throughout the Phanerozoic era

    Xiujuan BAOYongyun HU
    1616-1624页
    查看更多>>摘要：Quantitatively estimating the global mean precipitation(GMP)throughout Earth's history is crucial for enhancing our understanding of long-term climate evolution and the hydrological cycle.However,currently there is no established metho-dology for estimating global mean paleoprecipitation.Here,we present the first study that estimates GMP in the Phanerozoic era.The relationship between GMP and global mean surface temperature(GMST)is investigated by analyzing data from 23 models in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6(CMIP6).The result reveals consistent and significant impact of temperature on precipitation,with a sensitivity range of 2-3％K-1.Additionally,we propose a method for accessing latitudinal variations in precipitation caused by land area distributions and paleo-Köppen climatic belts.These climatic belts are determined based on geological indicators such as coals,evaporites,and glacial deposits.The GMP is thus quantitatively estimated by combining variations in GMST,land area distributions,and paleo-köppen climatic belts,spanning from 540 Ma to the present day.The quantitative GMP curve demonstrates fluctuations in GMP about 500 mm yr-1,with values ranging from 948 to 1442 mm yr-1 over the Phanerozoic era.This curve aligns closely with findings derived from numerical simulations.The presented paleoprecipitation variations facilitate a more comprehensive understanding of the interconnected geological and paleoclimatic developments.
      原文链接:
    • 万方数据
    • 维普

    Summer extreme precipitation patterns and synoptic-scale circulation precursors over the Tibetan Plateau

    Zhiyuan DINGYao HAZhong ZHONG
    1625-1638页
    查看更多>>摘要：In the context of global warming,the extreme summer precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau(TP)has changed significantly.In this study,the summer(June-August)extreme precipitation on the TP was classified into three spatial types by applying the K-means clustering method to the Third Pole Region long time-series high-resolution(1/30°)precipitation dataset(TPHiPr,1979-2020).The characteristics of the circulation anomalies and precursors corresponding to the extreme precipitation on the TP in summer during 1979-2020 were investigated.The results showed that the summer extreme precipitation of the TP can be categorized into northwestern(NW),southeastern(SE),and southern Himalayan(HS)types based on extreme pre-cipitation thresholds.The NW and SE types are mainly influenced by anomalous signals in the mid-to-high latitude regions upstream of them,whereas the HS type is controlled by the localized subtropical anomalous circulation.On the 8th day before the onset of the NW type,an anomalous cyclone was observed in the western Atlantic Ocean(60°W,50°N),which triggered the west-to-east quasi-latitudinal propagation of Rossby waves.On the onset day of the NW type,the upper troposphere showed positive-negative-positive geopotential height anomalies along the latitudinal 40°N from the Caspian Sea,the western part of Xinjiang,to the northeastern TP.Moisture entered from the Arabian Sea along the southeastern edge of the anomalous cyclone on the southwestern TP and converged in the northwestern TP.Compared to the NW type,the precursors of the SE type appeared at higher latitudes and were more intense.On the 8th day before the onset of the SE type,an anomalous cyclone occurred near Greenland(60°W,70°N)and excited Rossby waves propagating southeastward.On the onset day of the SE type,the upper troposphere showed negative-positive-negative geopotential height anomalies across Eurasia from the Ural Mountains and the Iranian Plateau to the northern TP in the northwest-southeast direction and entered the southeastern TP from the Bay of Bengal along the southeastern edge of the anomalous cyclone in the southern TP.On the 6th day before the onset of the HS type,the anomalously high pressure in the middle and lower layers of the low-latitude region extended westward,and a significant anticyclonic anomalous circulation occurred on the southern TP on the onset day of the HS type,enabling the delivery of moisture from the Bay of Bengal to the southern foothills of the Himalayas.Additionally,an anomalous cyclone perched in the northeastern TP at a geopotential height of 200 hPa strengthened westerly winds in the southern TP and contributed to the maintenance of the anticyclonic system on the southern TP.
      原文链接:
    • 万方数据
    • 维普

    High-precision temperature retrieval algorithm and verification for mesospheric airglow spectrum photometer

    Shuqi NIUHaiyang GAOZhaoai YANKe REN...
    1639-1651页
    查看更多>>摘要：Photometric technology,characterized by its compact structure and relatively high stability,finds wide application in measuring airglow spectra.This instrumentation is anticipated to assume a pivotal role as the primary equipment for extensive network observations of middle and upper atmospheric temperatures in China,thereby providing crucial support for space environmental monitoring and atmospheric dynamic research.Nevertheless,susceptibility to various factors such as instrument inconsistency,variability in observation conditions,and alterations in the background atmospheric environment across different stations poses a challenge,potentially resulting in data inconsistencies in network observations.In response to these challenges,we propose a multiple-parameter iterative inversion(MPII)algorithm for temperature retrieval based on a mesospheric airglow spectrum photometer(MASP)developed by our research group.This algorithm accurately identifies the center of the image circle,corrects image distortion,and thereby obtains an accurate synthetic spectrum reflective of actual observations.It en-compasses five adjustable parameters:sky background light,atmospheric temperature,filter temperature,optical system focal length,and degree of synthetic spectrum modulation.Compared to traditional methods,significant enhancements in the accuracy of the inverted temperature are achieved.To validate the effectiveness of the MPII algorithm,we conducted combined active and passive remote sensing synchronous measurements using MASP in conjunction with a sodium fluorescence Doppler lidar developed by the National Space Science Center.By utilizing the lidar temperature as a reference,atmospheric background radiation is mitigated from the MASP data,and the temperature is inverted using the MPII algorithm.Comparative analysis with the traditional method reveals that temperatures calculated by the MPII algorithm exhibit better consistency than those observed by the lidar.
      原文链接:
    • 万方数据
    • 维普

    Improved forecasting via physics-guided machine learning as exemplified using "21·7" extreme rainfall event in Henan

    Qi ZHONGZhicha ZHANGXiuping YAOShaoyu HOU...
    1652-1674页
    查看更多>>摘要：As a natural disaster,extreme precipitation is among the most destructive and influential,but predicting its occurrence and evolution accurately is very challenging because of its rarity and uniqueness.Taking the example of the"21·7"extreme precipitation event(17-21 July 2021)in Henan Province,this study explores the potential of using physics-guided machine learning to improve the accuracy of forecasting the intensity and location of extreme precipitation.Three physics-guided ways of embedding physical features,fusing physical model forecasts and revised loss function are used,i.e.,(1)analyzing the anom-alous circulation and thermodynamical factors,(2)analyzing the multi-model forecast bias and the associated underlying reasons for it,and(3)using professional forecasting knowledge to design the loss function,and the corresponding results are used as input for machine learning to improve the forecasting accuracy.The results indicate that by learning the relationship between anomalous physical features and heavy precipitation,the forecasting of precipitation intensity is improved significantly,but the location is rarely adjusted and more false alarms appear.Possible reasons for this are as follows.The anomalous features used here mainly contain information about large-scale systems and factors which are consistent with the model precipitation deviation;moreover,the samples of extreme precipitation are sparse and so the algorithm used here is simple.However,by combining"good and different"multi models with machine learning,the advantages of each model are extracted and then the location of the precipitation center in the forecast is improved significantly.Therefore,by combining the appropriate anomalous features with multi-model fusion,an integrated improvement of the forecast of the rainfall intensity and location is achieved.Overall,this study is a novel exploration to improve the refined forecasting of heavy precipitation with extreme intensity and high variability,and provides a reference for the deep fusion of physics and artificial intelligence methods to improve intense rain forecast.
      原文链接:
    • 万方数据

    Two thin middle-crust low-velocity zones imaged in the Chuan-Dian region of southeastern Tibetan Plateau and their tectonic implications

    Long LIXin WANGGuangbing HOUYuan LING...
    1675-1686页
    查看更多>>摘要：Intracrustal low-velocity zones(LVZs)indicate a mechanically weak crust and are widely observed in the southeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau.However,their spatial distributions and formation mechanisms remain controversial.To in-vestigate their distribution and detailed morphology of the LVZs in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau,here we used teleseismic events and continuous waveform data recorded by 40 broadband seismic stations newly deployed in the Sichuan-Yunnan region from December 2018 to October 2020.A total of 12,924 high-quality P-wave receiver functions and 5-40 s fundamental Rayleigh surface wave phase velocity dispersion curves from ambient noise cross-correlation functions were obtained.The S-wave velocity model at a depth interval of 0-100 km in the study area was inverted by using the trans-dimensional Markov chain Monte Carlo strategy to jointly invert the complementary data of the receiver function waveform and Rayleigh surface wave phase velocity dispersion.Our results show that there are two separate LVZs(～3.5 km/s)surrounding the rigid Daliangshan subblock at crustal depths of approximately 30-40 km,providing new constraints on the geometry of the LVZs in our study region.The two LVZs obtained in this study may represent the middle crustal flow channels,through which the material in the center of the Tibetan Plateau extrudes to its southeast margin.Blocked by the rigid Sichuan Basin and the spindle-like Daliangshan subblock,the material continues to flow southward through the mechanically weak middle crustal channels surrounding the Daliangshan subblock.In addition,the existence of thin LVZs in the middle crust plays an important role in understanding the decoupling between the upper and lower crust in the study area.It also provides new constraint on the complex tectonic deformation process of the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau caused by the collision and compression of the Indian and the Eurasian plates.
      原文链接:
    • 万方数据
    • 维普

    Influence of self-similar stresses on scenario earthquake construction:An example along the Tanlu Fault

    Feng HUHuajian YAOHouyun YUZeyu LU...
    1687-1697页
    查看更多>>摘要：As a famous deep and large fault in eastern China,the Tanlu Fault passes through Anhui,Jiangsu,and Shandong and into northeastern China.It is important to improve the understanding of seismic hazard assessments in areas near faults.We start a scenario earthquake simulation in the M7.5 earthquake potential area of the Xinyi-Sihong segment of the Tanlu Fault.The fault rupture length and width are constrained according to the scaling law of large intraplate earthquakes,the background normal stress is depth dependent,and the initial shear stresses are determined using trial and error by matching the earthquake magnitude.Considering the 120 km rupture length of the M7.5 earthquake,we compare the horizontal uniform stress model and self-similar stress perturbation model.Our findings reveal that the seismic source time function of the horizontal uniform stress model is similar to that of the Haskell model and that of the self-similar stress perturbation model is more similar to that of a real earthquake case.We compare the dynamic rupture simulation and ground motion results under four different stress conditions and find that the shorter the characteristic length of the self-similar function is,the rougher the initial stress.For the M7.5 earthquake with an epicenter in the vicinity of Suqian,the Xinyi-Tancheng segment,which is located in the Ⅸ-intensity zone north of the epicenter,vibrates more strongly on the northern side than on the southern side due to the influence of the low-velocity zone and the peak slip rate.The response spectra analysis at stations in the study area is useful for improving the earthquake resistance capability.
      原文链接:
    • 万方数据
    • 维普