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中国科学:技术科学（英文版）
中国科学:技术科学（英文版）

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中国科学:技术科学（英文版）/Journal Science China Technological SciencesCSCDCSTPCDEISCI
查看更多>>《中国科学》是中国科学院主办、中国科学杂志社出版的自然科学专业性学术刊物。《中国科学》任务是反映中国自然科学各学科中的最新科研成果，以促进国内外的学术交流。《中国科学》以论文形式报道中国基础研究和应用研究方面具有创造性的、高水平的和有重要意义的科研成果。在国际学术界，《中国科学》作为代表中国最高水平的学术刊物也受到高度重视。国际上最具有权威的检索刊物SCI，多年来一直收录《中国科学》的论文。1999年《中国科学》夺得国家期刊奖的第一名。
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    A stereoscope observation of the South Atlantic Anomaly:Initial observations from Macao Science Satellite-1 A&B

    ZONG QiuGangHE ZhaoGuo
    3321-3323页
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    Medium-energy electron spectrometers on Macao Science Satellite-1

    YE YuGuangLIU YingZOU HongZONG QiuGang...
    3324-3343页
    查看更多>>摘要：The Macao Science Satellite-1 is a two-satellite constellation specifically designed to study the geomagnetic field and particle radiation environment in low Earth orbit,particularly in the South Atlantic Anomaly region,with a low inclination orbit.Each of the two MSS-1 satellites carries a medium-energy electron spectrometer(MES).The MES sensor heads are based on pinhole imaging technology,which can simultaneously measure 50-600 keV electrons incident from nine directions with a field of view(FOV)of 180°× 30°.The two MESs can realize the pitch angle coverage of medium energy electrons at most positions in the orbit.The MSS-1 A/B MESs can realize direct observation of precipitating electrons and electrons near their loss cones.It can help to study the electron generation mechanism in the inner radiation belt and quantify the precipitation of magnetospheric energetic electrons.Combined with the geomagnetic index,solar wind parameters,interplanetary magnetic field conditions,etc.,it can also help to build a dynamic evolution model of energetic electrons in the near-Earth space,to realize the early warning and prediction of space weather based on the observation data,which can provide safety for spacecraft and astronauts in the near-Earth space.
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    Evolution of electron"zebra stripes"in the South Atlantic Anomaly:Initial observations from Macao Science Satellite-1

    LIU YingZONG QiuGangZOU HongYE YuGuang...
    3344-3353页
    查看更多>>摘要："Zebra stripes"denote banded structures characterized by periodic peaks and valleys in the spectrograms of energetic electrons in the Earth's inner radiation belt and slot region.In contrast to previous investigations primarily grounded in equatorial observations,this study presents two events exhibiting the evolution of electron zebra stripes within the South Atlantic Anomaly,as observed from the Macao Scientific Satellite-1 in low Earth orbit.Our findings affirm that the structural and evolutionary features of zebra stripes in both events accord with the drift echo hypothesis.The start time extrapolated from the electron spectrograms correlates with substorm onsets,consistent with prior conclusions.Notably,the duration of zebra stripe evolution during the event of June 5-6,2023,reaches an impressive 34.7 h,a markedly longer interval than findings from the Van Allen Probes.This discrepancy suggests that the observed lifetime of electron zebra stripes may not inherently reflect natural limitations but could be constrained by instrumental capabilities.The results implicate that high-energy-resolution detectors have the potential to significantly enhance our capacity to scrutinize the dynamics of the radiation belt.
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    Study on the local time asymmetry of the Earth's ring currents based on multiple low-Earth-orbit satellite magnetic observations

    OU JiaMingJIANG YiYAN Qing
    3354-3364页
    查看更多>>摘要：The azimuthal morphology of Earth's ring currents has consistently shown asymmetry during extreme space weather events at low latitudes,particularly during geomagnetic storms.A dawn-dusk pattern has been detected during the storm main phase through near-Earth and in-situ magnetic measurements.This asymmetry is believed to arise from asymmetric solar wind-magnetosphere coupling and is linked to the closure of the ring current.Recent evidence has confirmed the existence of asymmetric ring currents during quiet times and the storm recovery phase.This phenomenon may be closely related to the evolution of ring currents,including plasma injection and decay processes.In this study,the local time asymmetry of the ring current is estimated using data from low-Earth-orbit Swarm and Macao Science Satellite-1(MSS-1)missions.Spherical harmonics models are developed to quantify the magnetic field of ring currents through external Gauss coefficients during both quiet periods and the storm recovery phase.Several features of dawn-dusk asymmetry are observed in various cases in different months.(1)The maximum difference in magnetic value across local time ranges from 3 to 10 nT,showing relative invariance compared with various Sym-H levels.(2)Stronger magnetic signals are detected at the premidnight sector during quiet times and at the afternoon sector during the storm recovery phase.(3)Magnetic perturbations remain at a lower level during the post-midnight and morning sectors.Although the pattern of local time asymmetry differs between quiet times and the recovery phase,dawn-dusk asymmetry remains the most pronounced feature,affecting the trapping and loss of charged particles in the inner magnetosphere.Combining Swarm and MSS-1 magnetic observations can enable convenient monitoring of the detailed azi-muthal local time effects of the ring current at various disturbance levels in the future.
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    Design and technology review of the solar X-ray detector onboard the Macao Science Satellite-1B

    ZUO FuChangSHI YongQiangCHEN JianWuZHANG XiaoPing...
    3365-3380页
    查看更多>>摘要：On May 21,2023,the Macao Science Satellite-1B(MSS-1B),a low-inclination,low-latitude,and high-precision scientific exploration satellite for geomagnetic fields and space environments,was successfully launched.The solar X-ray detector(SXD),one of the two major scientific pay loads onboard the MSS-1B,has obtained a large amount of solar X-ray radiation data,which reveals the distribution law of the magnetic field in the low Earth orbit,as well as the coupling law of the Earth's magnetic field and the solar radiation and energy particle distributions.First,the overall design of the multi-detection-unit,broad-energy-range,small-volume,and low-power SXD was implemented to achieve the scientific objectives of the mission.Second,the technical indicators of the instrument were decomposed into various components,and the key technologies,such as collimator,processing circuit,thermal,and payload dataset designs,were reviewed.Third,the backgrounds,including electronic noise,cosmic diffuse X-ray background,and high-energy background in the Earth's radiation belts in and out of the field of view,were analyzed for the instrument.Then,the ground calibrations of the energy response,detection efficiency,and temperature-dependent peak drift of the SXD flight model were conducted.Finally,the in-orbit temperature,energy spectrum data,background,and solar flare process observation of the instrument in the in-orbit test stage are presented,verifying the instrument design,analysis,and ground calibration,providing a foundation for obtaining accurate solar X-ray radiation data,and achieving the scientific objectives of the satellite.
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    Thermoelectric performance of Bi2Sn2Te6 monolayer with ultralow lattice thermal conductivity induced by hybrid bonding properties:A theoretical prediction

    TANG ShuWeiWANG HaoWAN DaLI XiaoDong...
    3381-3393页
    查看更多>>摘要：The crystal structure,mechanical stability,phonon dispersion,electronic transport properties and thermoelectric(TE)perfor-mance of the Bi2Sn2Te6 monolayer are assessed with the first-principles calculations and the Boltzmann transport theory.The Bi2Sn2Te6 monolayer is an indirect semiconductor with a band gap of 0.91 eV using the Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof(HSE06)functional in consideration of the spin-orbit coupling(SOC)effect.The Bi2Sn2Te6 monolayer is high thermodynamically and mechanically stable by the assessments of elastic modulus,phonon dispersion curves,and ab initio molecular dynamics(AIMD)simulations.The hybrid bonding characteristics are discovered in Bi2Sn2Te6 monolayer,which is advantageous for phonon scattering.The antibonding interactions near the Fermi level weaken the chemical bonding and reduce the phonon vibrational frequency.Due to the short phonon relaxation time,strong anharmonic scattering,large Grüneisen parameter,and small phonon group velocity,an ultralow lattice thermal conductivity(0.27 W/(m·K)@300 K)is achieved for the Bi2Sn2Te6 monolayer.The optimal dimensionless figure of merit(ZT)values for the n-type and p-type Bi2Sn2Te6 monolayers are 2.68 and 1.63 at 700 K,respectively,associated with a high TE conversion efficiency of 20.01％at the same temperature.Therefore,the Bi2Sn2Te6 monolayer emerges as a promising candidate for TE material with high conversion efficiency.
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    In-situ construction of MnCO3@CNTs nanosheets for high-capacity aqueous zinc ion batteries

    LI TaoDAI GeLiangLIU SiYuZHANG JingYu...
    3394-3404页
    查看更多>>摘要：Owing to severe agglomeration of manganese carbonate(MnCO3)during its synthesis,it exhibits rapid decay cycle performance when used as a cathode material in aqueous zinc ion batteries.To overcome this drawback,we synthesized a MnCO3 material with carbon nanotubes(CNTs)(i.e.,MnCO3@CNTs)via a one-step solvothermal method using a hybrid modification strategy.MnCO3 nanospheres were grown in-situ on a two-dimensional(2D)plane that was orderly interwoven by tubular single fibers of carbon to form a leaf-like nanosheet structure.The surface area of the MnCO3@CNTs material was enlarged enormously through the special nanosheet structure,and its stability was improved by the supporting structure of the CNTs.As a result,the MnCO3@CNTs exhibited a discharge capacity of 247.6 mAh g-1 at a current density of 0.1 A g-1.The energy storage mechanism of MnCO3@CNTs was further explored using a series of electrochemical kinetic analyses and ex-situ characterization tests.This modification method not only broadens the application field of MnCO3,but also provides the possibility of modifying more cathode materials.
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    Surface plasmon-coupled radiative heat transfer between graphene-covered magnetic Weyl semimetals

    SONG JinLinYAO XinJieJIN LinCHEN Lei...
    3405-3412页
    查看更多>>摘要：Weyl semimetals(WSMs)have recently attracted considerable research attention because of their remarkable optical and electrical properties.In this study,we investigate the near-field radiative heat transfer(NFRHT)between graphene-covered Weyl slabs,particularly focusing on the supported coupled surface plasmon polaritons(SPPs).Unlike bare Weyl slabs where the epsilon-near-zero(ENZ)effect contributes the most to the NFRHT,adding a monolayer graphene sheet yields coupled SPPs,i.e.,the coupling of graphene SPPs(GSPPs)and Weyl SPPs(WSPPs),which dominates the NFRHT.The graphene sheet greatly suppresses the ENZ effect by compressing the parallel wavevector,thereby enabling the heat transfer coefficient(HTC)to be significantly changed.Further,for the graphene-covered magnetic Weyl slab configuration,an increase in the number of Weyl nodes suppresses the SPP coupling and ENZ effect,thereby weakening the NFRHT with a regulation ratio of 4.4 whereas an increase in the Fermi level slightly influences the NFRHT.Several typical heterostructures are also proposed for comparison,and results show that a mono-cell structure has the largest total HTC.Our findings will facilitate the understanding of surface plasmon-coupled radiative heat transfer and enable opportunities in energy harvesting and thermal management at the nanoscale based on WSM-based systems.
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    Numerical analysis on phase change material melting process of a conical spiral tube energy storage tank

    ZHAO YuanMAO QianJun
    3413-3430页
    查看更多>>摘要：Spiral tube heat exchangers have been widely used in phase change energy storage due to the compact structure and large heat transfer area.Therefore,this study numerically analyzes the effects of spiral tube diameter,number of rotations,and unsteady heat source on the melting process in conical spiral tube energy storage tanks using Fluent software.The results indicate that when the tube diameter is increased from 8 to 11 mm and the number of rotations is increased from 5 to 8,the melting time is extended by 15.74％and 17.83％,respectively.The energy storage capacity increases by 0.64％and 1.83％,respectively.The average energy storage rate decreases by 13.05％and 13.58％,respectively.Furthermore,the sinusoidal wave heat source with small heat source periods has little effect on the melting process,while large heat source periods can significantly accelerate the melting.And the influence of amplitudes on the thermal storage performance under large heat source periods is more obvious.When the heat source period is increased from 2 to 160 min and the amplitude is increased from 5 to 20 K,the melting time is reduced by 24.50％and 17.20％,respectively.The total energy storage capacity decreases by 6.36％and increases by 1.62％,respectively.The average energy storage rate increases by 24.03％and 22.74％,respectively.The study provides guidance for the performance optimization of spiral tube phase change systems.
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    Fuel type recognition of ester isomer additives in flames by optical diagnostics coupled with machine learning method

    HE JiaYingCHEN MengFeiWU BingKunYING YaoYao...
    3431-3442页
    查看更多>>摘要：Based on machine learning models,an approach for the type recognition of oxygenated additives(ester isomers,i.e.,methyl butyrate,methyl crotonate,ethyl acrylate,and ethyl acrylate)via optical diagnostics was proposed.By utilizing optical diag-nostic methods flame features were extracted,and three models including random forest(RF),artificial neural network(ANN),and support vector machine(SVM),were employed to establish the relationship between flame images and oxygenated additives.Moreover,the impact of multiple factors on model performance,including image compression,dataset size,and feature number was also investigated.The images of flame obtained from inverse diffusion flame under four different oxyge-nated additives and various combustion conditions were used as examples to examine the effectiveness of the proposed approach.Results indicated that the accuracy of the recognition of ester isomers by the proposed approach exceeded 90％.Furthermore,it is observed that image compression had minimal impact on prediction accuracy but significantly reduced processing time.Different types of features contributed to predicting the type of ester isomers variously,and all models exhibited improved accuracy with an increased number of features.The number of samples significantly affected model accuracy.The investigation of feature missing and insufficient training samples suggested that ANN and RF models were more suitable for cases with many missing features,while SVM was more suitable for dealing with small samples.
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