期刊,中国科学:技术科学（英文版） 2024年卷12期_国家学术搜索

期刊信息/Journal information

中国科学:技术科学（英文版）

主　　编：周光召

出版周期：月刊

国际刊号：1674-7321

电子邮箱：sales@scichina.org

电　　话：010-64019820

邮政编码：100717

地　　址：北京东黄城根北街16号

中国科学:技术科学（英文版）/Journal Science China Technological SciencesCSCDCSTPCDEISCI

查看更多>>《中国科学》是中国科学院主办、中国科学杂志社出版的自然科学专业性学术刊物。《中国科学》任务是反映中国自然科学各学科中的最新科研成果，以促进国内外的学术交流。《中国科学》以论文形式报道中国基础研究和应用研究方面具有创造性的、高水平的和有重要意义的科研成果。在国际学术界，《中国科学》作为代表中国最高水平的学术刊物也受到高度重视。国际上最具有权威的检索刊物SCI，多年来一直收录《中国科学》的论文。1999年《中国科学》夺得国家期刊奖的第一名。

正式出版

收录年代

Dual-phase change composites with temperature control and low infrared emissivity properties fabricated by electrospinning for infrared stealth and thermal camouflage

LI ChuanChangCHE PanPanXIE BaoShanZENG XiaoLiang...

3755-3765页

查看更多>>摘要：Infrared stealth technology allows targets to evade detection by thermal infrared detection and plays an important role in the defense industry and military.However,current research and development of infrared stealth materials focuses only on reducing infrared emissivity or controlling the surface temperature of an object,and few studies combine the two.Therefore,in this paper,vanadium dioxide/polyethylene glycol/polyacrylonitrile(VO2/PEG/PAN)composite nanofibrous films were fabricated using the electrospinning technique with PAN as the matrix,PEG as the temperature-regulated material and VO2 as the infrared emissivity material.The composite nanofibrous films not only possessed excellent thermal stability and mechanical properties but also had good thermal regulation and adjustable infrared emissivity.The latent heat value of the first phase change was 40.42 J g-1 and the latent heat value of the second phase change was 4.27 J g-1 when the content of VO2 was 40wt％;more importantly,the infrared emissivity was 0.16 at 90℃.Therefore,the composite nanofibrous films could help achieve good infrared stealth and thermal camouflage performance for high-temperature targets through effective thermal buffering and infrared emissivity modulation capabilities.With the characteristics of ultra-lightweight,flexibility,foldability,adjustable shape,strong thermal stability,excellent mechanical properties,thermal self-regulation,and adjustable infrared emissivity,the prepared VO2/PEG/PAN composite nanofibrous films present great potential for application in infrared stealth and thermal camouflage of new military equipment.

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A high-performance hybrid wind energy harvester based on a bidirectional acceleration structure

HU DongXuQIAN ShuoHOU XiaoJuanDUAN ZhiGang...

3766-3776页

查看更多>>摘要：Given the intensifying scarcity of non-renewable energy sources,wind power is garnering importance across various fields.However,the prevalent wind power generation technologies have different problems,such as small output and low conversion effiiciency.Hence,in this study,we propose a high-performance hybrid wind energy generator with a bidirectional acceleration structure.Based on a reversing gear,the magnet-coil rotor pair moves in a circular motion at equal speeds and in opposite directions,resulting in twice the output performance of a conventional generator and improving the conversion efficiency up to 38.4％.The optimized wind turbine structure and the soft contact of the triboelectric material allow the generator to start functioning at low wind speeds of 3 m/s.Simultaneously,it can detect wind speeds ranging from 3 to 15 m/s with a linearity of up to 0.997.At a wind speed of 6 m/s,the generator's output power reaches 165.76 mW,which can transmit the data of the light sensor to a computer via Bluetooth for real-time display and also power small electronic devices such as thermo-hygrometers,which demonstrates a wide range of applications in the field of sustainable monitoring.

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Different compositions of TC4/TC11 functional gradient materials interface by wire arc additive manufacturing

WANG JiaChenWANG HeXU TianQiuLIU ChangMeng...

3777-3782页

查看更多>>摘要：Titanium alloy is widely utilized in diverse industries due to its exceptional specific strength,making it a material with significant potential for advancement.Nevertheless,homogeneous materials are inadequate to meet the demands of various applications.Functional gradient materials(FGMs)have garnered increasing interest for their ability to tailor materials and structures.The continuous transition in FGMs often offers a more uniform and well-connected interface.However,there remains a lack of comprehensive research on the transition interface.In this study,TC4/TC11 double-alloy materials were produced using double-wire additive manufacturing.The wire feeding rates were adjusted to create materials with varying compositions.The grain morphologies,microstructures,and mechanical properties were examined.It was observed that as the TC11 content increased,the grain size decreased,the β content rose,the ultimate tensile strength improved,and the elongation decreased.Additionally,analysis of the fracture morphologies revealed that the dimples became smaller,indicating characteristics of ductile fracture.Following the solid solution aging heat treatment,it is observed that the α phase increases in size,and the mechanical properties are enhanced.These observations indicate that double-wire additive manufacturing can produce diverse interfaces.Furthermore,the heat treatment process has been shown to enhance the material properties,thus establishing an experimental foundation for FGMs.

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Disordered hyperuniform elastic waveguide with low deformation-loss

PAN ZhangQiTANG HanChuanZANG JianFeng

3783-3790页

查看更多>>摘要：The deformation-loss of waveguides is a critical element that hinders the application range.Crystal waveguides have been studied for the construction of anti-deformation waveguides.However,the bandwidth of crystal waveguides is strictly reliant on the crystal lattice's periodicity.In case the deformation is extreme,and the crystal lattice is drastically altered,the bandwidth will be significantly diminished,and transmission loss will surge.Here,we report an elastic waveguide design based on the disordered hyperuniform(DH)distribution with as low as about 20％bandwidth loss under deformations with an average strain of approximately 10％.In contrast,the phononic crystal elastic waveguide(PCEWG)exhibits an average reduction of 50％for the same degree of deformation.This is demonstrated through simulations under four different deformation conditions:first-order bending,second-order bending,compressing and stretching.A theoretical explanation is provided through the calculation of structural factors.Choosing soft materials as the matrix and explaining the mechanism through elastic waves,we present a promising avenue for communication through the human body.

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Boosting hydrogen storage performance in COF-108 by single-walled carbon nanotube insertion,boron substitution,and lithium doping at room temperature

MENG ZhaoShunMA HongYanWANG QingYANG Xiao...

3791-3800页

查看更多>>摘要：A novel hybrid material based on covalent organic frameworks(COFs)was proposed for highly efficient hydrogen(H2)storage at room temperature.Single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWNTs)were inserted into COF-108,and additional lithium(Li)atoms were doped into the boron-substituted structures.Density functional theory calculations were used to determine the optimized hybrid structures and the reasonable force field parameters between the hydrogen in H2 and the elements in the sorbent.In addition,H2 adsorption simulations via the grand canonical Monte Carlo approach revealed that SWNT insertion and Li doping substantially elevated the room-temperature H2 storage performance.A detailed analysis was provided on the impact of the number of doped Li atoms and the specific surface area on H2 uptake.The highest excess gravimetric and volumetric H2 uptake values were 5.08 wt％and 31.65 g/L,respectively,for Li-doped B-substituted SWNT(15,0)@COF-108 and SWNT(9,9)@COF-108 at 298 K and 100 bar.Surprisingly,the total H2 uptake of Li-doped B-substituted SWNT(9,9)@COF-108 not only met but also surpassed the 2020 target of the U.S.Department of Energy(DOE)within the temperature and pressure limits of the DOE.This study presents a theoretically grounded,multiple modification strategy for the design of porous materials with exceptional H2 storage capabilities,offering a promising avenue for the development of advanced H2 storage solutions.

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Ultra-strong anti-freezing hydrogel-based smart window with wide geographical adaptability

BAI YiJieTANG TianQiHE YuRong

3801-3811页

查看更多>>摘要：Smart windows,capable of dynamically regulating indoor heat,offer a promising avenue for effectively reducing energy consumption.Hydrogel-based smart windows are excellent at thermal modulation and daylighting,but they are difficult to commercialize globally due to problems like winter ice formation,which can affect thermal insulation,daylighting,and structural integrity,as well as an impractical cloud point temperature(tcp).To solve these issues,a ternary anti-freezing system consisting of ethylene glycol(EG),glycerol,and water is proposed.With the tcp regulated at 31.6℃,the system strikes a balance between outstanding daylighting(91.89％)and solar modulation ability(78.32％).Furthermore,the system shows resilience even below-30.0℃ and long-term stability,which qualifies it for use in densely populated regions even with severely cold weather.To further illustrate the distinct impacts of EG and glycerol,the optical characteristics and tcp of binary systems containing EG and water as well as glycerol and water were examined.The durability test includes severely cold temperature of-30.0℃ and solar exposure temperature of 60.0℃.This work would offer insights to advance the field's understanding of anti-freezing capability modification in smart windows and advance the development of environmentally and energy-efficiently designed buildings.

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Robotic telemanipulation with EMG-driven strategy-assisted shared control method

XIONG DeZhenFU XinZHANG DaoHuiCHU YaQi...

3812-3824页

查看更多>>摘要：The transfer of information between a human and a robot is of vital importance for robotic telemanipulation systems.In this paper,we propose a novel strategy-assisted shared control(SASC)scheme driven by electromyography(EMG)signals for robot telemanipulation.First,we develop an EMG decoding scheme to achieve reliable online performance,where ten features are extracted and selected and then classified by machine learning algorithms.Several feature selection methods are compared to learn a compact representation from original feature sets.Then,a vision-based module is designed for object detection and localization,which helps to grasp or release objects autonomously.Moreover,online visual feedback of environmental states and audio feedback of EMG decoding results are used for better perception of environmental contexts.A platform integrated with a robot arm,an RGB-D camera,and a pneumatic sucker,among others,is developed to evaluate the proposed method.The best accuracy of EMG recognition is 97.18％±10.61％,achieved by the support vector machine and features selected by recursive feature elimination.Two paradigms driven by a joystick or EMG are compared with SASC in a robotic telemanipulation task.The performance shows that SASC reaches a successful rate of 100％with the least time of 61.97±9.89 s.The completion times of SASC are only 67.78％and 55.71％of the two contrast methods,respectively.This shows that the proposed scheme has the potential to replace classical methods with reliable performance and less time,which provides a novel solution for this field of study.

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Multi-models associated with process information-driven process autonomous digital twin for multi-variety production of intelligent machines

ZHANG LuWANG XiaoHE SongPingMAO XinYong...

3825-3842页

查看更多>>摘要：The intelligent development of machines,as one of the essential research components of smart manufacturing,is urgently needed to improve the intelligent production of product manufacturing processes within product families.The uncertainty of the process requirements within a product family and the time-varying nature of the processing performance of machines pose significant challenges for intelligent manufacturing.Digital twins(DTs)have proven to be very effective architectures for intelligent manufacturing;DTs support dynamic modeling capabilities in time and space and can provide effective technical support for manufacturing intelligence under multi-variety production.Therefore,a process autonomous digital twin(PADT)framework driven by characterization,prediction,and evaluation-based multi-models(CPEM)associated with process information is constructed to realize intelligent production.First,the multidimensional information contained in the machining process is analyzed to accurately locate the features of machining precision,and a machine performance characterization model is built.Second,a machine capacity prediction model based on time-scale information fusion is established to predict the processing capacities of machines under different production demands.Finally,a product distribution evaluation model based on the 3σ rule is established,which provides an effective evaluation index for the optimization of processing parameters.The application of CPEM-driven PADT in a commutator machining machine provides predictive manufacturing intelligence within a product family.

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Aerodynamic efficiency enhancement effect of the energy capture technique on a flyable flapping wing rotor system

CHEN SiDENG ZhiQiangXIANG JiaWeiLI ZhengDa...

3843-3854页

查看更多>>摘要：To date,no experimental study has been done on eliminating the energy consumption of the flapping wing rotor(FWR;caused by inertial force)based on an energy capture mechanism(such as a spring).Also,the effect of the variation amplitude of the twist angles on the FWR remains unknown.In this study,a 19.2-g FWR model is designed and manufactured.Three different kinds of springs are then selected and assembled onto the FWR to reduce the energy consumption caused by the inertial forces.Afterward,a motion capture system and a lift measurement system are built to test the aerodynamic and kinematic performance of the FWR.Then,the influence of the variation range of the twist angles and the dimensions of the spring on the motion parameters and lift efficiency of the FWR is analyzed.If the rigid twist angle variation range is set to 10°-70°instead of 10°-50°,the FWR can generate 3 to 10 g of greater average lifts under the same input voltage.In most cases,the introduction of the spring also improves the average lifting rate by 1-4 g.The lift enhancement effect induced by the spring is more pronounced when the main frequency with the maximum amplitude is close to or coincides with the resonant frequency of the FWR structure.If the main frequency is greater than the resonance frequency of the FWR structure,the lift enhancement effect is hardly observed.In conclusion,according to experimental analyses,both the selection of 10°-70°preset twist angles and the application of springs can improve the lift efficiency of FWR and overcome the weight of the FWR system(37.8 g)assembled with a flight control system.Free-flight test results show that the FWR system(including the 19.2-g FWR model and an 18.6-g flight control system)has sufficient lifting margin to successfully perform a take-off mission and achieve a stable hovering action.

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Research on thermal cyclization polyacrylonitrile enhanced piezoelectric performances of a flexible electronic skin sensor

JIA XuYingMU JiLiangWU QiongYANG DongKuan...

3855-3866页

查看更多>>摘要：Electronic skin(e-skin)is a research focus in the fields of robotics design,artificial prosthetics,and wearable electronics.When used for long-term unattended monitoring,several key problems,such as energy supply,sensing performance,and structural design,have attracted increasing attention.This study reports a self-powered flexible e-skin sensor(FES)based on the thermal cyclization of polyacrylonitrile,which enhances the piezoelectric effect.It mainly consists of nanoscale polyacrylonitrile(PAN),Ecoflex,and flexible PCB electrodes.PAN is mixed as a piezoelectric functional material in the Ecoflex substrate,forming a flexible sensing module.To enhance charge accumulation,PAN is initially electrospun into nanofibers and subsequently modified through a thermal treatment process.This procedure results in the formation of a conjugated trapezoid structure within PAN and significantly increases its molecular dipole moment.Due to the contribution of numerous nanocapacitors,the pie-zoelectric properties of the sensing module are significantly improved.To ensure durability,flexible PCBs were designed as the top and bottom electrodes of the sensing module via industrial board lamination and forming processes,also serving as packaging.Additionally,a human-computer interaction(HMI)system for e-skin measurement was developed,enabling real-time signal processing between the e-skin and the computer.On the basis of the good combination of piezoelectric nanoparticles,an Ecoflex substrate,and flexible PCBs,FES can reach 0.67 V/kPa and 0.99 voltage sensitivity and voltage linearity,respec-tively,under self-powered conditions under external pressure,and the detection range can reach 40-650 kPa.On the basis of the good performance of FES devices,such as their self-powered ability,long-term serviceability,high sensitivity,wide monitoring range,and various optimized designs for later circuits,the e-skin designed in this paper has important applications in the fields of HMI,personality recognition,and medical research.

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