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中国科学:技术科学（英文版）
中国科学:技术科学（英文版）

周光召

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中国科学:技术科学（英文版）/Journal Science China Technological SciencesCSCDCSTPCDEISCI
查看更多>>《中国科学》是中国科学院主办、中国科学杂志社出版的自然科学专业性学术刊物。《中国科学》任务是反映中国自然科学各学科中的最新科研成果，以促进国内外的学术交流。《中国科学》以论文形式报道中国基础研究和应用研究方面具有创造性的、高水平的和有重要意义的科研成果。在国际学术界，《中国科学》作为代表中国最高水平的学术刊物也受到高度重视。国际上最具有权威的检索刊物SCI，多年来一直收录《中国科学》的论文。1999年《中国科学》夺得国家期刊奖的第一名。
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    Sensitivity analysis of modeling parameters to soot and PAHs prediction in ethylene inverse diffusion flame

    WU BingKunLI TianJiaoLIU Dong
    486-498页
    查看更多>>摘要：The soot formation model based on inverse ethylene diffusion flames was performed to study the sensitivity of the soot formation process to the prediction results.The effects of efficiency parameters such as soot inception,surface growth and coagulation on the simulation results were studied by using the adjustable efficiency model.In addition,the reversible soot model and conjugate heat transfer(CHT)model were also introduced to explore their advantages.Results indicated that,among adjustable efficiency parameters,the nucleation efficiency had the greatest influence on the predicted soot and PAHs distributions,while the H-abstraction-C2H2-addition(HACA)process and PAH adsorption surface growth efficiencies impacted little.The adjustable efficiency parameters had a significant effect on the concentration of soot gaseous precursors and soot particles,but their effects on temperature,gas phase molecules,and intermediate species were not obvious.When the nucleation efficiency increased from 2×10-6 to 1 × 10-4,the predicted value of the integrated soot was increased by nearly 50％,and the maximum primary particle number density and the number of aggregates were increased by an order of magnitude.The maximum concentration of BAPYR was doubled.However,the peak temperature along the axial direction increased by only 3.5 K.Using the reversible soot model,the approximation results of the adjustable efficiency parameters could be modified,which showed the feasibility of the model.The use of the CHT model promoted pyrolysis of the fuel below the outlet of the fuel tube,with high-temperature zones,soot zones,and PAHs zones moving towards higher flame heights.Besides,when using the reversible model and the CHT model,the maximum soot volume fraction decreased by 39％compared with the basic efficiency parameters,while the concentration of BAPYR increased by 162％,and the concentrations of gas phase species were decreased.
      原文链接:
    • 万方数据
    • 维普

    Facile synthesis of NiMn2S4 nanoflakes on nickel foam for high-performance aqueous asymmetric supercapacitors

    ADIL EminLI YaLiGAO ZheDONG YunXia...
    499-508页
    查看更多>>摘要：Supercapacitors display promising electrochemical performance with high power density and excellent cycle stability.However,their low energy density limits their advancement in a broader range of applications.To enhance their energy density,we proposed self-assembled spinel NiMn2S4 nanoflakes grown on nickel foam which we successfully prepared by a facile hy-drothermal method.The NiMn2S4 electrode delivers a high capacitance of 2096.7 F g-1 at 1.0 A g-1,with an exceptional rate capability(～720.6 F g-1 at a very high current density of 100 A g-1)and good cycle stability(～85.1％retention of the initial capacitance after 7000 cycles with the Coulombic eficiency around 100％).The as-fabricated asymmetric supercapacitors based on NiMn2S4 nanoflakes//active carbon demonstrate an energy density of 73.6 W h kg-1 at 800.5 W kg 1 and adequate cycling performance of～84.6％capacitance retention at 15 A g-1 after 10000 cycles.The results reveal that the nanostructured NiMn2S4 is an excellent electrode material for high-performance energy storage applications.
      原文链接:
    • 万方数据
    • 维普

    Nano-flower spherical SnS2 combined with a special lithium storage mechanism as a multifunctional separator for lithium-sulfur batteries contributes to ultra-high initial discharge specific capacity

    LIU HuaZhongXIONG YaPingHUANG MouZhiCHEN ZongMin...
    509-519页
    查看更多>>摘要：The critical factors that limit the electrochemical performance of lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries are mainly the"shuttle effect"of polysulfides and the slow redox reaction between lithium polysulfides(LiPSs).Herein,a nano-sphere-type material self-assembled from tin disulfide nanosheets is designed and applied to the Li-S cell separator in this work.The SnS2@PP modified separator not only acts as a dual restriction for LiPSs by chemisorption and physical barrier.At the same time,it improves the catalytic activity of the redox reaction between LiPSs.The SnS2 has extremely high electrochemical activity.There,a portion of the lithium ions can be inserted into SnS2 to form LixSnS2 and contribute to the capacity during the first discharge of the battery.In addition,LixSnS2 possesses a high degree of stability,and it does not undergo further de-alloying reactions even at the high potential of the Li-S cell.The benefit is that the steady-state LixSnS2 acts as a lithium-containing substance.It can form special Li+channels on the surface of the separator,thus greatly improving the efficiency of Li+transport.The results showed that the SnS2@PP-based cell exhibited extremely high initial discharge specific capacity(1477 mAhg-1 at 0.1 C)and excellent rate performance(631 mAh g-1 at 5 C).Even after 1000 cycles at 2 C,the cell exhibited a low decay rate of 0.06％per cycle on average.In addition,the superior electrochemical performance was obtained even with a high sulfur loading of 5.1 mg cm-2 and low electrolyte of E/S=8 μL mg-1.
      原文链接:
    • 万方数据
    • 维普

    Surface roughness classification using light scattering matrix and deep learning

    SUN HaoTAN WeiRUAN YiXiaoBAI Long...
    520-535页
    查看更多>>摘要：High-quality optical components have been widely used in various applications;thus,extremely high beam quality is required.Moreover,surface roughness is a key indicator of the surface quality.In this study,the angular distribution of light scattering field intensity was obtained for surfaces having different roughness profiles based on the finite difference time domain(FDTD)method,and the results were compared with those obtained using the generalized Harvey-Shack(GHS)theory.It was shown that the FDTD approach can be used for an accurate simulation of the scattered field of a rough surface,and the superposition of results obtained from many surfaces that have the same roughness level was in good agreement with the result given by the analytic GHS model.A light scattering matrix(LSM)method was proposed based on the FDTD simulation results that could obtain rich surface roughness information.The classification effect of LSM was compared with that of the single-incidence scattering distribution(SISD)based on a ResNet-50 deep learning network.The classification accuracy of the model trained with the LSM dataset was obtained as 95.74％,which was 23.40％higher than that trained using the SISD dataset.Moreover,the effects of different noise types and filtering methods on the classification performance were analyzed,and the LSM was also shown to improve the robustness and generalizability of the trained surface roughness classifier.Overall,the proposed LSM method has important implications for improving the data acquisition scheme of current light scattering measurement systems,and it also has the potential to be used for detection and characterization of surface defects of optical components.
      原文链接:
    • 万方数据
    • 维普

    Multi-locomotion transition of tensegrity mobile robot under different terrains

    YANG QiLIU XinYuWANG PanFengSONG YiMin...
    536-557页
    查看更多>>摘要：Knowing how to make a multi-locomotion robot achieve locomotion transition under different terrains is a challenging problem,especially for tensegrity robots with multi-locomotion modes.In this study,a motion planning method for the transition of a multi-locomotion tensegrity robot(hereafter TJUBot)under different terrains is proposed.The robot can achieve four loco-motion modes:earthworm-like,inchworm-like,tumbling,and sliding locomotion with only two motors.Kinematic models of the four locomotion modes under five typical terrains,including flat ground,confined space,obstacle,gap,and descending slope,are established using the energy method.Meanwhile,the kinematic characteristics(driving law and initial position)of the robot under these terrains are obtained.On this basis,motion planning for the locomotion transition of TJUBot is conducted,which includes a perception strategy based on three laser sensors and a transition strategy under different terrains.The driving laws of the two motors that can ensure the effective locomotion transition of TJUBot under different terrains are naturally obtained.Finally,experiments are conducted.Results demonstrate that the robot can achieve effective locomotion transition when the motion planning method is used.
      原文链接:
    • 万方数据
    • 维普

    A tree-growing graphic model for asymmetrical phantom networks in polymeric gels undergoing dynamic mechanochemical coupling

    SHI WeiLinZHOU JianLU HaiBaoELMARAKBI Ahmed...
    558-567页
    查看更多>>摘要：Network structures of various polymers have significant effects on their mechanical properties;therefore,numerous studies have investigated the constitutive relationship between symmetrical network structures and their rubber elasticity in polymers.However,few studies have focused on asymmetrical network structures in polymers that undergo bond exchange reactions,self-assembly,or mechanochemical coupling—all of which are induced by transition probabilities of chemical bonding processes.In this study,an extended constraint junction and phantom network model is formulated using the tree-growing theory to establish a constitutive relationship between asymmetrical network structures and their rubber elasticity in polymers.A free-energy equation is further developed to explore working principles of configurational transitions on the dynamic rubber elasticity of symmetrical and asymmetrical network structures.The constitutive relationship between dynamic rubber elasticity and sym-metrical and asymmetrical network structures has also been proposed for the gels undergoing mechanochemical and hydro-mechanical coupling.Finally,the effectiveness of this newly proposed tree-growing model has been verified by comparing with the classical affine network model,finite element analysis,and the experimental results of gels reported in literature.
      原文链接:
    • 万方数据
    • 维普

    Dynamic response of sandwich panel attached with a double mass-spring-damping system to shallow-buried explosion:Analytical modeling

    ZHANG DuJiangZHAO ZhenYuGAO HuiYaoLU TianJian...
    568-586页
    查看更多>>摘要：How to ensure the safety of occupants has become a challenge for protective design of armored vehicles against intensive blast loadings.In this study,for armored vehicles subjected to shallow-buried explosions,an analytical model was established to characterize the dynamic performance of an all-metallic sandwich floorboard attached with a double mass-spring-damping system(mimicking seat and occupant),with the former consisting of a front face,a core and a rear face.For validation,numerical simulations with the method of finite elements(FE)were performed.Good agreement between analytical predictions and numerical results was achieved.The analytical model was then employed to quantify the effects of explosive mass,yield stress of material make,configurational parameters of sandwich panel,spring stiffness,and damping coefficient on dynamic response of the sandwich panel and double mass-spring-damping system.With increasing explosive mass and decreasing yield stress of material make,the peak displacements of rear face,seat and occupant were all found to increase.As core relative density was increased,these peak displacements also increased when the ratio of face thickness to core height was relatively small.Increasing the ratio of face thickness to core height led to increased peak accelerations of seat and occupant.The peak displacement of rear face was insensitive to the increase of either spring stiffness or damping coefficient,while the peak acceleration of occupant increased with increasing spring stiffness.Upon increasing the damping coefficient between the rear face and seat or that between the seat and occupant or both,the peak acceleration of occupant increased.With occupant safety duly considered,the proposed analytical model provides useful guidance for designing high-performance protective structures for armored vehicles subjected to intensive blast loadings.
      原文链接:
    • 万方数据
    • 维普

    Fabricating a smart clothing system based on strain-sensing yarn and novel stitching technology for health monitoring

    TANG JianWU YuTingMA ShiDongZHANG YuMin...
    587-596页
    查看更多>>摘要：Various yarn-shaped flexible strain sensors have recently been developed.However,research is lacking on additive manu-facturing for smart clothing for integrating yam sensors with commercial garments.Herein,a strain-sensing yarn is sewn into a piece of fabric through a novel stitching technique,and the influence of the stitching method and needle pitch on the sensing performance is investigated using finite element analysis(FEA).The sensing performance could be improved when the sensing yarn is self-locked in the fabric at the needle eyes,and the needle pitch was reduced to 0.5 cm,which is attributed to the enhanced stress and strain concentration.Meanwhile,the composite sensing fabric featured outstanding performance,including a low detection limit(0.1％),rapid response(280 ms),excellent durability(10000 cycles),and high stability(negligible drift and frequency independence).In addition,the remarkable wear resistance,washability,and anti-interference to ambient humidity and perspiration were obtained.Therein,the optimal stitch trace lengths of sensing yarn for detecting elbow motion,breathing,and heartbeats are discussed.Finally,a smart clothing system composed of smart clothing,data acquisition unit,and mobile APP was developed to simultaneously detect human movement and physiological signals.This work provides a reference to produce intelligent garments based on yarn sensors for health monitoring.
      原文链接:
    • 万方数据
    • 维普

    Preparation of NiTip/Al composites with controllable phase transformation and damping behavior by friction stir processing

    WU XiaoJIANG HongJieLI WangYunLIU ChongYu...
    597-607页
    查看更多>>摘要：The NiTip/1060Al composites were prepared using a pre-aging and friction stir method(FSP)to enhance the low-temperature damping performance of the aluminum alloy and accommodate various service temperatures.The bonding between NiTi particles and the 1060A1 matrix is well established after FSP,and no new phases are formed in the composites.The phase-transformation peak temperature of NiTip/1060Al composites gradually shifts to lower temperatures with increased aging temperature of NiTi particles.At room temperature,the 550℃-NiTip/1 060Al composite exhibits superior damping performance,with an internal friction value 144％higher than that of the FSP-1060A1 alloy.However,at-91℃,the 650℃-NiTip/1060Al composite demonstrates better damping performance,with an internal friction value 158％higher than that of the FSP-1060A1 alloy.The NiTip/1060Al composites exhibit the internal friction peak of NiTi phase-transformation in the temperature range from-91℃ to 60℃.This characteristic results in significantly better damping performance compared to the FSP-1060A1 alloy and other high-damping aluminum matrix composites.
      原文链接:
    • 万方数据
    • 维普

    High-performance self-powered GaN/PEDOT:PSS hybrid heterojunction UV photodetector for optical communication

    LI ShanLIU ZengZHANG MaoLinYANG LiLi...
    608-615页
    查看更多>>摘要：Self-powered ultraviolet photodetectors(UVPDs)provide great possibility for the next-generation energy conservation optical communication technology;while the high photodetection performance at zero bias is still a tremendous challenge.Herein,n-type GaN film with Si-doping concentration of～1018 cm-3 and p-type organic PEDOT:PSS were adopted to construct a planar hybrid heterojunction via the simple spin-coating method.Profited from typical type-Ⅱ energy band alignment and giant photovoltaic effect at GaN/PEDOT:PSS inorganic-organic interface,the fabricated UVPD achieved excellent self-powered photoelectrical properties in dual-band with large R of 0.96 A/W(2.8 A/W),superior D* of 5.7× 1012 Jones(1.7×1013 Jones),prominent EQE of 325％(1371％),high on/off ratio of 9.65× 103(6.15x103)and fast rise/decay time of 60.7/124.5 ms(30.9/26.7 ms)for UVA(UVC)band,as well as outstanding UV/visible rejection ratio and great detection repeatability.Functioned as an optical signal receiver,this designed self-powered UVPD decoded a message of"NJUPT"from a simple optical communication system.These results open a new avenue for GaN/PEDOT:PSS heterojunction in UV communications and related applications.
      原文链接:
    • 万方数据
    • 维普