期刊,中国科学:技术科学（英文版） 2024年卷8期_国家学术搜索

期刊信息/Journal information

中国科学:技术科学（英文版）

主　　编：周光召

出版周期：月刊

国际刊号：1674-7321

电子邮箱：sales@scichina.org

电　　话：010-64019820

邮政编码：100717

地　　址：北京东黄城根北街16号

中国科学:技术科学（英文版）/Journal Science China Technological SciencesCSCDCSTPCDEISCI

查看更多>>《中国科学》是中国科学院主办、中国科学杂志社出版的自然科学专业性学术刊物。《中国科学》任务是反映中国自然科学各学科中的最新科研成果，以促进国内外的学术交流。《中国科学》以论文形式报道中国基础研究和应用研究方面具有创造性的、高水平的和有重要意义的科研成果。在国际学术界，《中国科学》作为代表中国最高水平的学术刊物也受到高度重视。国际上最具有权威的检索刊物SCI，多年来一直收录《中国科学》的论文。1999年《中国科学》夺得国家期刊奖的第一名。

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Preface:Brain-Inspired AI Research

GONG YiHongWANG GuoYin

2281页

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Brain-inspired artificial intelligence research:A review

WANG GuoYinBAO HuaNanLIU QunZHOU TianGang...

2282-2296页

查看更多>>摘要：Artificial intelligence(AI)systems surpass certain human intelligence abilities in a statistical sense as a whole,but are not yet the true realization of these human intelligence abilities and behaviors.There are differences,and even contradictions,between the cognition and behavior of AI systems and humans.With the goal of achieving general AI,this study contains a review of the role of cognitive science in inspiring the development of the three mainstream academic branches of AI based on the three-layer framework proposed by David Marr,and the limitations of the current development of AI are explored and analyzed.The differences and inconsistencies between the cognition mechanisms of the human brain and the computation mechanisms of AI systems are analyzed.They are found to be the cause of the differences and contradictions between the cognition and behavior of AI systems and humans.Additionally,eight important research directions and their scientific issues that need to focus on brain-inspired AI research are proposed:highly imitated bionic information processing,a large-scale deep learning model that balances structure and function,multi-granularity joint problem solving bidirectionally driven by data and knowledge,AI models that simulate specific brain structures,a collaborative processing mechanism with the physical separation of perceptual processing and interpretive analysis,embodied intelligence that integrates the brain cognitive mechanism and AI computation mechanisms,intelligence simulation from individual intelligence to group intelligence(social intelligence),and AI-assisted brain cognitive intelligence.

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Feedback processing in the primate brain and in AI systems

JIANG YongHE Sheng

2297-2309页

查看更多>>摘要：The primate brain and artificial intelligence(AI)can both be conceptualized as information processing systems,each with its own distinct biological and computational architectures.While there are parallels between them,their respective structural and functional connections show significant differences.In this paper,we examine the central role of feedback processing in both the primate brain and AI systems,which has been shown to be crucial in shaping neural processing.By reviewing the key features of feedback processes in the primate brain,which allows the brain to incorporate prior knowledge,contextual information,and task-demands into early-stage processing,we highlight the divergence in goals and functions between biological and AI systems.Understanding these differences is crucial for elucidating the cognitive capabilities of the primate brain and for addressing computational challenges in AI.In advocating"Cognition-Inspired-Computation",we suggest that integrating insights from feedback processing in the primate brain into AI research will offer potentially significant improvements for the advancement of AI systems.

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维普

A comparison of statistical learning of naturalistic textures between DCNNs and the human visual hierarchy

LU XinChengYUAN ZiQiZHANG YiChiAI HaiLin...

2310-2318页

查看更多>>摘要：The visual system continuously adapts to the statistical properties of the environment.Existing evidence shows a close re-semblance between deep convolutional neural networks(CNNs)and primate visual stream in neural selectivity to naturalistic textures above the primary visual processing stage.This study delves into the mechanisms of perceptual learning in CNNs,focusing on how they assimilate the high-order statistics of natural textures.Our results show that a CNN model achieves a similar performance improvement as humans,as manifested in the learning pattern across different types of high-order image statistics.While L2 was the first stage exhibiting texture selectivity,we found that stages beyond L2 were critically involved in learning.The significant contribution of L4 to learning was manifested both in the modulations of texture-selective responses and in the consequences of training with frozen connection weights.Our findings highlight learning-dependent plasticity in the mid-to-high-level areas of the visual hierarchy.This research introduces an AI-inspired approach for studying learning-induced cortical plasticity,utilizing DCNNs as an experimental framework to formulate testable predictions for empirical brain studies.

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Brain-inspired dual-pathway neural network architecture and its generalization analysis

DONG SongLinTAN ChengLiZUO ZhenTaoHE YuHang...

2319-2330页

查看更多>>摘要：In this study,we explored the neural mechanism of global topological perception in the human visual system.We showed strong evidence that the retinotectal pathway in the archicortex of the human brain is responsible for global topological perception,and for modulating the local feature processing in the classical ventral visual pathway.Inspired by this recent cognitive discovery,we developed a novel CogNet architecture to emulate the global-local dichotomy of human visual cognitive mechanisms.The thorough experimental results indicate that the proposed CogNet not only significantly improves image classification accuracies but also effectively addresses the texture bias problem observed in baseline CNN models.We have also conducted mathematical analysis for the generalization gap for general neural networks.Our theoretical derivations suggest that the Hurst parameter,a measure of the curvature of the loss landscape,can closely bind the generalization gap.A larger Hurst parameter corresponds to a better generalization ability.We found that our proposed CogNet achieves a lower test error and attains a larger Hurst parameter,strengthening its superiority over the baseline CNN models further.

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维普

Towards human-leveled vision systems

DING JianHaoHUANG TieJun

2331-2349页

查看更多>>摘要：The human visual system is a complex and interconnected network comprising billions of neurons.It plays an essential role in translating environmental light stimuli into information that guides and shapes human perception and action.Research on the vi-sual system aims to uncover the underlying neural structure principles of human visual perception and their possible applications.Currently,there are two main approaches:biological system analysis and simulation,artificial intelligence models based on deep learning.Here we aim to discuss the two approaches to human-level vision systems.Deep learning has significantly impacted the field of vision with achievements in representation,modeling,and hardware design.However,there is still a significant gap between deep learning models and the human visual system in terms of scalability,transferability,and sustainability.The progress of the biological visual system can help fill the gap by further understanding the properties and functions of different components of the system.We take the efforts of reconstructing the retina as an example to illustrate that even if we are unable to replicate the visual system on a computer right now,we can still learn a lot by combining existing research outcomes in neuroscience.At the end of the paper,we suggest tracing back to gradually build visual systems from the computational counterpart of biological structures to achieve a human-level vision system in the future.

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维普

Nanomedicine-mediated immunogenic cell death and its combination with immune checkpoint blockade therapy

CHEN JunBinZHANG YuXiSU MiaoZHU YueQiang...

2350-2362页

查看更多>>摘要：Cancer immunotherapies,which train the natural immune system to specifically kill tumor cells while sparing the healthy cells,have helped revolutionize cancer treatments and demonstrated promising clinical therapeutic benefits for decades.However,the therapeutic outcome of immunotherapies,even for the most successful immune checkpoint blockade(ICB)therapy,remains unsatisfactory in the clinical practice,mainly due to the low immunogenicity of solid tumors and its immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment(TME).Notably,several cancer treatment modalities,including chemotherapy,radiotherapy,and photo-therapy,have been revealed to evoke tumor immunogenicity and reverse immunosuppressive TME via inducing immunogenic cell death(ICD)of tumor cells,which synergistically sensitized tumors to ICB therapy.Nanomedicines have been extensively applied to augment ICD-inducing treatment modalities and potentiate ICB therapeutic efficacy therapy due to the opportune convergence of immunotherapy and nanotechnology.Here,we discuss the recent advances in nanomedicine-mediated ICD and its combination with ICB therapy.

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维普

Recent progress in printing flexible electronics:A review

BI ShengGAO BuHanHAN XuHE ZhengRan...

2363-2386页

查看更多>>摘要：Miniaturization and flexibility are becoming the trend in the development of electronic products.These key features are driving new methods in the manufacturing of such products.Printed electronics technology is a novel additive manufacturing technique that uses active inks to print onto a diverse set of substrates,realizing large-area,low-cost,flexible and green manufacturing of electronic products.These advantageous properties make it extremely compatible with flexible electronics fabrication and extend as far as offering revolutionary methods in the production of flexible electronic devices.In this paper,the details of a printing process system are introduced,including the materials that can be employed as inks,common substrates,and the most recently reported printing strategies.An assessment of future setbacks and developments of printed flexible electronics is also presented.

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High-stability temperature control and frequency-domain analysis of sandwich-like insulation design based on phase change materials for satellite thermal management

WANG ZiHanHE ChenBoHU YangTANG GuiHua...

2387-2404页

查看更多>>摘要：High-stability thermal management is critical for the measurements of high sensitivity for temperature,but also challenging because any small thermal disturbances could lead to unacceptable temperature fluctuations.The present work delivers a design for passive temperature control,customized for a component in the satellites for gravitational wave detection.A novel sandwich-like structure is proposed with the configurations of proper materials,consisting of a layer of insulation material and two layers of nanocomposite phase change materials,bringing an integration of heat insulation and absorption/storage.Its performance is examined using an improved thermal network model and the revised transfer function method(TFM).The basic results of the two methods are validated by present COMSOL simulations and available numerical and experimental data in the literature.An effective reduction of temperature fluctuation is achieved to the scale of 0.1 K,even under two thermal disturbances from different directions:a radiative heat flux of 20 W m-2(inside)and a temperature fluctuation of about 20 K(outside).Moreover,the TFM is employed to analyze the effects of the frequency of thermal disturbance:excellent damping performance is obtained for over 3.2 mHz and the underlying mechanism is discussed.Overall,the present design is expected to be combined with active temperature control to explore more possible ways for temperature control with higher stability.

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维普

Defect-mode and Fabry-Perot resonance induced multi-band nonreciprocal thermal radiation

CHEN ZiHeYU ShiLvYUAN ChengCUI XinYou...

2405-2412页

查看更多>>摘要：According to Kirchhoff's radiation law,the spectral-directional absorptivity(a)and spectral-directional emissivity(e)of an object are widely believed to be identical,which places a fundamental limit on photonic energy conversion and management.The introduction of Weyl semimetals and magneto-optical(MO)materials into photonic crystals makes it possible to violate Kirchhoff's law,but most existing work only report the unequal absorptivity and emissivity spectra in a single band,which cannot meet the requirements of most practical applications.Here,we introduce a defect layer into the structure composed of one-dimensional(1D)magnetophotonic crystal and a metal layer,which realizes dual-band nonreciprocal thermal radiation under a 3-T magnetic field with an incident angle of 60°.The realization of dual-band nonreciprocal radiation is mainly due to the Fabry-Perot(FP)resonance occurring in the defect layer and the excitation of Tamm plasmon,which is proved by calculating the magnetic field distribution.In addition,the effects of incident angle and structural parameters on nonreciprocity are also studied.What is more,the number of nonreciprocal bands could be further increased by tuning the defect layer thickness.When the defect layer thickness increases to 18.2 pm,tri-band nonreciprocal thermal radiation is realized due to the enhanced number of defect modes in the photonic band gap and the FP resonance occurring in the defect layer.Finally,the effect of defect location on nonreciprocity is also discussed.The present work provides a new way for the design of multi-band or even broad-band nonreciprocal thermal emitters.

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万方数据
维普