查看更多>>摘要：目的 探讨下颌舌骨肌外周磁刺激联合中枢磁刺激对脑卒中后吞咽障碍的影响。 方法 选取脑卒中后吞咽障碍患者60例，按照随机数字表法将其分为对照组、外周磁刺激组、中枢磁刺激组、外周＋中枢磁刺激组，每组15例。对照组患者进行常规吞咽训练，外周磁刺激组在对照组基础上增加下颌舌骨肌高频重复外周磁刺激(rPMS)，中枢磁刺激组在对照组基础上增加下颌舌骨肌皮质高频重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)，外周＋中枢磁刺激组在对照组基础上增加rPMS＋rTMS，上述治疗每日1次，每周5 d，共10次(2周)。治疗前和治疗全部结束后(治疗后)，采用功能性经口摄食量表(FOIS)、渗漏-误吸量表(PAS)、功能性吞咽障碍量表(FDS)对4组患者的吞咽功能进行评定。 结果 治疗后，4组患者的FOIS、FDS、PAS评分均较组内治疗前改善(P<0.05)。与对照组比较，外周磁刺激组[(3.86±0.86)分]、中枢磁刺激组[(3.79±0.89)分]、外周＋中枢磁刺激组[5.00分(5.00~6.00分)]治疗前后的FOIS差值较大(P<0.05)；外周磁刺激组[(36.50±6.63)分]、中枢磁刺激组[(35.29±8.96)分]、外周＋中枢磁刺激组[(46.53±7.03)分]治疗前后的FDS差值较大(P<0.05)；外周磁刺激组[(2.07±0.73)分]、中枢磁刺激组[4.00分(2.00~4.00分)]、外周＋中枢磁刺激组[4.00分(4.00~6.00分)]治疗前后的PAS差值较大(P<0.05)。外周磁刺激组与中枢磁刺激组治疗前后的FOIS差值、FDS差值、PAS差值比较，差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与外周磁刺激组和中枢磁刺激组比较，外周＋中枢磁刺激组治疗前后的FOIS差值、FDS差值、PAS差值显著较大(P<0.05)。 结论 下颌舌骨肌rPMS联合皮质rTMS可以明显改善吞咽障碍，疗效较单一常规吞咽康复、下颌舌骨肌rPMS、皮质rTMS好。 Objective To explore any effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation and peripheral magnetic stimulation of the mylohyoid muscle on dysphagia among stroke survivors. Methods Sixty stroke survivors with dysphagia were randomly divided into a control group, a peripheral magnetic stimulation group, a central magnetic stimulation group, and a central + peripheral magnetic stimulation group, each of 15. In addition to routine swallowing training, the subjects were given the appropriate magnetic stimulation daily, five times a week for two weeks. Before and after the intervention, swallowing was evaluated using the Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS), Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS) and a functional dysphagia scale (FDS). Results The average FDS, PAS, and FOIS scores of all four groups had improved significantly after the treatment. Improvement significantly greater than in the control group was observed in the average FOIS, FDS and PAS scores of the other three groups. The peripheral + central magnetic stimulation group showed the greatest average improvement. Conclusion Combining mylohyoid muscle magnetic stimulation with magnetic stimulation of the cerebral cortex can significantly relieve dysphagia. It is more effective than conventional swallowing rehabilitation or either magnetic stimulation alone.
查看更多>>摘要：目的 采用功能性近红外光谱成像技术(fNIRS)探讨幕下脑卒中吞咽障碍患者的皮质功能状态与吞咽功能的相关性，并观察舌三针对该类患者皮质活动的影响。 方法 选取幕下脑卒中吞咽障碍患者30例，按照随机数字表法将其分为假针刺组和舌三针组，每组15例。采用fNIRS采集两组患者在静息态、针刺态(假针刺组为假针刺态)、电针态(假针刺组为假电针态)、针刺后静息态(假针刺组为假针刺后静息态)下的氧和血红蛋白(HbO2)的相对浓度变化(ΔHbO2)。采用改良Rankin量表(mRS)、渗漏误吸评分(PAS)、功能性经口摄食量表(FOIS)评估两组患者的整体功能残疾水平和吞咽功能。 结果 静息态下，两组患者的左侧初级运动皮质(r＝0.550，P＝0.002)、左侧背外侧前额叶皮质(r＝0.585，P＝0.001)和左侧前运动皮质(r＝0.510，P＝0.004)区域的平均ΔHbO2浓度与PAS评分呈中度正相关。针刺态下，舌三针组患者的右侧额下回(F＝9.651，P＝0.004)和左侧颞中回(F＝3.343，P＝0.029)区域的ΔHbO2浓度显著增加(P<0.05)，左侧躯体感觉皮质(F＝4.948，P＝0.035)和左侧初级运动皮质(F＝4.742，P＝0.038)区域的ΔHbO2浓度显著降低(P<0.05)。 结论 舌三针可促使幕下脑卒中吞咽障碍患者的大脑皮质活动发生变化，这可能是改善吞咽障碍的潜在机制。 Objective To seek any correlation between cortical activity and the swallowing of dysphagia patients with infratentorial stroke, and to observe any effect of three-needle acupuncture of the tongue on such activity. Methods Thirty infratentorial stroke survivors with dysphagia were randomly divided into a tongue three-needle group and a sham acupuncture group, each of 15. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy was used to monitor changes in the concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin (ΔHbO2) at rest, during acupuncture (or sham acupuncture), during real or sham electro-acupuncture, and at rest after the acupuncture or sham acupuncture treatment. The Modified Rankin Scale, a Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS), and the Functional Oral Intake Scale were employed to assess overall functional disability and the swallowing of both groups. Results At rest the average ΔHbO 2 concentrations recorded in the left primary motor cortex, the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the left premotor cortex in both groups were positively correlated with the PAS scores. During the acupuncture ΔHbO 2 concentration in the right inferior frontal gyrus and the left middle temporal gyrus increased significantly in the tongue three-needle group. It decreased significantly in the left somatosensory cortex and the left primary motor cortex. Conclusion Three-needle acupuncture of the tongue induces changes in cortical activity in infratentorial stroke survivors with dysphagia, suggesting a potential technique for improving disordered swallowing.
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