查看更多>>摘要：目的 了解中国长江中下游地区3个省份的学龄前儿童偶测高血压流行状况并分析睡眠状况与偶测高血压的关联。 方法 2017年10—11月采用立意抽样方法于湖北、安徽、江苏3省份抽取11个城市109所幼儿园的24 842名学龄前儿童作为对象。采用自制问卷收集对象基本情况，采用《儿童睡眠习惯问卷》收集对象睡眠状况资料，对对象进行体格检查，现场测量身高、体重和血压。比较不同特征学龄前儿童偶测高血压检出率的差异，采用多因素logistic回归模型分析睡眠状况与偶测高血压检出率的关联情况。 结果 24 842名儿童的年龄为（4.4±1.0）岁，其中男童12 729名（51.2%），偶测高血压检出率为31.8%（7 907例）。不同性别、年龄组、家庭居住地、家庭经济状况、父母亲文化程度学龄前儿童偶测高血压检出率差异均具有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。睡眠不足10 h儿童偶测高血压检出率高于睡眠充足者，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示：调整性别、年龄、家庭居住地、家庭经济状况、父母文化程度、父母吸烟史和体质等因素后，与对应参考组相比，睡眠时间不足10 h、睡觉时开灯和睡眠质量差的OR（95%CI）分别为1.09（1.03~1.15）、1.17（1.07~1.28）和1.04（0.91~1.18）。 结论 长江中下游3省份学龄前儿童偶测高血压检出率高，睡眠不足和睡觉时开灯与学龄前儿童偶测高血压存在正向关联。 Objective To understand the prevalence of occasional hypertension in preschool children in three provinces in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China, and analyze the relationship between their sleep status and occasional hypertension. Methods From October to November 2017, a total of 24 842 preschool children from 109 kindergartens in 11 cities in Hubei, Anhui and Jiangsu provinces were selected by intentional sampling method. A self-made questionnaire was used to collect basic information about the subjects, and the sleep status data was collected by the Children′s Sleep Habits Questionnaire. Physical examinations were performed on the subjects, and height, weight and blood pressure were measured on-site. The difference in occasional hypertension detection rate among preschool children with different characteristics was compared, and the correlation between sleep status and occasional hypertension detection rate was analyzed by the multivariate logistic regression model. Results The age of the subjects was (4.4±1.0) years, including 12 729 boys (51.2%). The prevalence of occasional hypertension was 31.8% (7 907/24 842). The prevalence of occasional hypertension among preschool children in three provinces of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River was 31.8%. There were statistically significant differences in the detection rate of occasional hypertension among preschool children of different genders, age groups, family residence, family economic status and parents′ education level (all P values<0.05). The detection rate of occasional hypertension in children with less than 10 hours of sleep was higher than those with sufficient sleep, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for factors such as gender, age, family residence, family economic status, parental education level, parental smoking history, and physical constitution, the ORs (95%CI) for less than 10 hours of sleep, turning on the lights while sleeping, and poor sleep quality were 1.09 (1.03-1.15), 1.17 (1.07-1.28) and 1.04 (0.91-1.18), respectively, compared with the corresponding reference group. Conclusion The detection rate of occasional hypertension is high in preschool children in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and there is a positive correlation between insufficient sleep and turning on the light when sleeping and occasional hypertension in preschool children.
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