At the outbreak of World War I in 1914,Britain forcibly declared the"protectorate"of Egypt,triggering a fierce dispute between the two countries on"protectorate"and independence.Immediately after the end of World War I,Egypt broke out the bourgeois national democratic revolution for independence,that is,the 1919 Revolution.Saad Zaghlul led the revolutionaries in the political game in Egypt,Paris and London,carried out diplomacy with the United States,and forced the British to issue the"February 28 Declaration"acknowledging Egypt's"independence."However,the revolutionaries were unwilling to mobilize the masses,and the United States compromised with British colonialism,thus the revolution was left unfinished.With the continuation of British colonial rule,Egypt lost the opportunity to modernize in the first half of the 20th century.For a long time,Britain and France forcibly interrupted the process of independent modernization initiated by Muhammad Ali,and colonialism hindered Egypt's political modernization,land reform,agricultural revolution and industrialization.The proliferation of Neoliberalism in Egypt during the 40 years of Sadat and Mubarak(1970-2010)epitomizes the profound negative impact of colonialism on Egypt's modernization.
关键词
埃及/1919年革命/萨阿德·扎格卢勒/殖民主义/埃及现代化
Key words
Egypt/1919 Revolution/Saad Zaghlul/Colonialism/Modernization of Egypt
维普
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