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楼梯处行人行为对高层建筑应急疏散的影响研究

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为研究人员密集情况下楼梯处行人行为对应急疏散的影响,通过现场观测获得某9层建筑楼梯处行人的个体和群体移动特征和基本运动参数,采用社会力模型和Anylogic 8.3软件构建楼梯疏散模型,模拟研究建筑疏散用时和楼梯处拥堵情况.研究表明:楼梯处行人行进速度与人流密度呈反比,上楼速度受人流密度影响较大,下楼时男女速度存在显著性差异,且男性行进速度离散型大于女性;楼梯中间平台是疏散过程中主要的拥堵地点;9层建筑的第四层为最大拥堵点,人员到达第四层向下疏散的用时明显加长,疏散压力较大.建议高层建筑疏散过程中在中间楼层设置疏散引导人员,做好对人群的引导和安抚工作.
Study on the Influence of Pedestrian Behavior on Emergency Evacuation at the Stairs in High-rise Buildings
In order to study the influence of the pedestrian behavior on the emergency evacuation at the stairs in case of dense-ly populated places scenarios,the movement characteristics and basic motion parameters of individual and group of pedestri-ans at the stairs in a nine-story building were collected through on-site observations. the social force model and AnyLogic 8.3 software were used to simulate the building evacuation time and stairs congestion. The results show that the speed at the stairs is inversely proportional to the pedestrian density,the speed upstairs is significantly affected by the flow density,the difference of the speed going downstairs between male and female is significant,and the discreteness of the male speed is more than that of the female speed;that the mid-level platform of the stairs is the primary congestion points during evacua-tions;and that the fourth floor of the building is the most congested place,causing a noticeable delay for upper-level occu-pants to descend from it and leading to an increased evacuation pressure. It is suggested that evacuation guides are arranged on intermediate floors of high-rise buildings to provide necessary assistance and guidance to the crowd.

high-rise buildingemergency evacuationstairpedestrian characteristicsocial force model

陈轶岚、汪澍

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中国电建地产集团有限公司,北京100097

北京科技大学大安全科学研究院,北京100083

高层建筑 应急疏散 楼梯 行人特征 社会力模型

中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目

FRF-IDRY-19-009

2024

安全
北京市劳动保护科学研究所 中国职业安全健康协会

安全

影响因子:0.186
ISSN:1002-3631
年,卷(期):2024.45(5)