Study on Formation Process and Element for Crowd Congestion in Irregular Passages Based on Social Force Model Taking Itaewon Stampede Accident as a Case
In order to explore the formation process and key factors for crowd congestion in irregular passages,in this paper,through analyzing the main factors leading to the congestion in the irregular passage where the Itaewon stampede occurred,and according to the geographic and pedestrian data of the site,the AnyLogic software was used to establish a simulation sce-nario for the Itaewon incident based on the social force model.Experiments were designed to study the impact of the passage capacity,irregular shapes,and pedestrian falls on the congestion,focusing on the time and location of the congestion under different pedestrian flow volumes.The results show that the passage capacity is directly related to the saturation time of the congestion and the queue length of the crowd;the irregular shape of the passage affects the location of the congestion and in-fluences the saturation time under different pedestrian flow volumes;pedestrian falls in high-volume conditions cause crowd queues to gradually accumulate within the passage,increasing the risk of stampede incidents.Accordingly,different pedestri-an flow warning intervals were identified,and reasonable response times and preventive strategies for each interval were pro-posed to reduce the likelihood of similar incidents in the future.
crowd congestionkey elementssocial force modelirregular passagesstampede accident prevention