摘要
近年来,城市地表水体中的微塑料污染引起了诸多关注.对我国城市地表水中微塑料的特征、生态风险及其来源进行综述的结果显示,受地理位置、环境条件、经济发展和垃圾管理能力的影响,我国城市地表水中微塑料的分布呈现出空间异质性,丰度为10.88～713 500个/m3,以小于1 mm的小尺寸为主(66.8％),并普遍以纤维形式存在(51％).以此为基础进行生态风险评估,其中微塑料污染负荷指数(L)评估结果为30％低风险,52％中到高风险,16％极高风险;化学毒性危险指数(H)评估结果为26％低风险,中、高风险均为36％;潜在生态风险指数(Eri)评估结果均为低风险.微塑料的源汇分析表明,微塑料的来源受人类活动影响较大,生产生活过程均可能向环境释放微塑料.研究可为评估和管理城市地表水中的微塑料生态风险提供支撑.
Abstract
In recent years,the pollution of microplastics in urban surface water has attracted much attention.This paper obtained relevant literature and data by searching keywords including microplastics and urban on websites such as Science Direct and Web of Science.We provided a comprehensive review of the characteristics,ecological risks,and sources of microplastics in urban surface water in China,originating in studies that covered 40 waters.The results show that due to the influences of geographical location,environmental conditions,economic development,and garbage management capabilities,the distribution of microplastics in urban surface water in China exhibits spatial heterogeneity,with an abundance range of 10.88 n/m3 to 713 500 n/m3(average abundance is 24 950.28± 110 793.97),mainly consisting of small particles smaller than 1 mm(66.8％),and commonly existing in the form of fibers(51％).Based on this result,the pollution load index(L)of microplastics in water assessment results are 30％low,52％moderate to high,and 16％extremely high risk,and the potential hazardous index(H)assessment results are 26％low,36％moderate and high risk,potential ecological risk index(Eri)assessment results were low risk.The result shows that a single indicator can not fully evaluate the ecological risk,and factors such as the abundance of microplastics,types,and quantities of highly toxic microplastics should be considered comprehensively.Analysis of the sources and sinks of microplastics indicates that human activities,such as daily necessities,industry,agriculture,forestry,fishery,transportation,and tourism,are major contributors to the presence of microplastics in urban surface water.This study provides support for the assessment and management of the ecological risks of microplastics in urban surface water.In addition,the future development trend and research prospects were put forward for the deficiencies in the current research on microplastics.
基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(52060012)
兰州交通大学重大科技成果培育项目(2022CG07)
甘肃省科技厅自然科学基金项目(22JR5RA316)
甘肃省科技厅自然科学基金项目(20JR10RA240)
NETL
NSTL
维普
万方数据