Study on safe distances of ships encounter situations based on sight distance
In recent years,the increasing ship traffic flow has led to more traffic congestion and ship approaches in waterways.Following that,the avoidance maneuvers in ship encounter scenarios would be a great risk.Drawing from the experience of driving sight distance on roads,this work proposes a concept called"ship sight distance"to reduce the collision risk.In addition,a novel ship domain model is constructed based on the conceptual framework of the quaternion ship domain,which incorporates the ship's sight distance and some operation parameters such as sailing speed and heading.Following that,with the proposed model dynamically changing in four quadrants,the own ship,which is represented by the mathematic model of ship maneuver motion,can always maintain a safer distance from other ships by adjusting the sailing speed and heading during the avoidance.It can be found from the simulation results of the overtaking encounter scenario that the own ship should maneuver before the time when the target ship is 3.5 times the ship length away from its bow,and recover the original course after the time when the target ship is 2 times the ship length away from its stern.And as for the head-on encounter scenario,the own ship should maneuver before the time when the target ship is 7 times the ship length away from its bow.Besides,for fully considering the large angle avoidance in navigable waters,there are also some suggestions about the lateral distance according to the results.The lateral distance should be more than 1.8 times or 0.72 times the ship length depending on whether the channel is sufficiently wide or not.Thus,this work can provide a reference for ship avoidance by taking a safe distance from other ships,and guiding the ship's sails with optimal speed and heading at the same time.The results can provide guiding suggestions for pilots to take avoidance maneuvers.
safety engineeringship domainship sight distancesafe distance of approachavoidance heading angle
NETL
NSTL
万方数据
维普
