Experimental investigation of thermal runaway propagation suppression in lithium-ion batteries using different fire extinguishing agents
The effectiveness of fire extinguishing agents in halting the propagation of Thermal Runaway(TR)in Lithium-Ion Batteries(LIB)is critical for extinguishing battery module fires.This paper outlines the construction of a fire extinguishing test platform designed for assessing a range of fire extinguishing agents.Through this platform,we compare the fire extinguishing capacity,cooling effectiveness,and ability to suppress thermal runaway propagation among different fire extinguishing agents.The findings indicate that the elevated temperatures following thermal runaway in Lithium-Ion Batteries(LIBs)with LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2(NCM)cathodes pose a significant challenge to effective suppression.Without adequate intervention,thermal runaway in a single battery within the module swiftly escalates to engulf the entire assembly.Thermal runaway propagates rapidly within the battery module.Therefore,the cooling capabilities of fire extinguishing agents are paramount.Among the tested agents,water spray,HFC-227ea,and C6 H12O demonstrate rapid flame suppression.Notably,water spray exhibits the highest cooling efficiency compared to other agents,with C6F12O and HFC-227ea following closely behind.The primary extinguishing mechanism of water spray revolves around cooling,effectively dissipating the substantial heat generated during thermal runaway and effectively halting its propagation within the battery module.While compounds like C6F12O and HFC-227ea primarily suppress fires chemically,their cooling efficacy is limited.Although they can momentarily extinguish fires,they have minimal heat-absorbing capacity.Consequently,if the extinguishing concentration isn't sustained,there's a risk of battery reignition,particularly in elevated temperatures.Hence,compounds like C6 F12O and HFC-227ea serve to postpone rather than entirely halt the propagation of thermal runaway within battery modules.Notably,C6F12O demonstrates superior inhibitory properties compared to HFC-227ea,which struggles to effectively suppress thermal runaway.While C6F12O doesn't entirely prevent thermal runaway,it does contribute to lowering battery temperatures,reducing the rate of heat transfer,and extending the propagation timeframe.These findings offer valuable experimental insights for the design of fire suppression systems in battery modules.
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