Investigation of sulfamethoxazole electro-Fenton degradation using Fe-PC-CNT hollow fiber membrane
In this research,an electro-Fenton system was established utilizing a Fe-Porous Carbon-Carbon Nanotube(Fe-PC-CNT)hollow fiber membrane as a filtration center and an electrochemical cathode for treating Sulfamethoxazole(SMX)in wastewater.The Fe-PC-CNT hollow fiber membrane comprises ZIF-8-derived porous carbon,carbon nanotubes,and Fe2+.Notably,the Fe-PC-CNT hollow fiber membrane can reduce the dissolved oxygen in simulated wastewater to hydrogen peroxide(H2 O2)on its surface,and the resulting H2O2 can oxidize SMX by generating hydroxyl radicals(·OH)with the catalytic effect of Fe2+.The morphology and elemental valence states of the electro-Fenton membrane were examined using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy(FE-SEM)and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy(XPS).The results reveal that the iron ions present on the membrane surface facilitate the activation of H2O2,while the presence of a microporous structure within the membrane promotes the synthesis of H2 O2.It was observed that at a voltage of-1.0 V(vs.SCE),pH of 3,and an initial concentration of 600 μg/L,the removal rate of SMX reached 96.5％,with a TOC mineralization of 55.1％.Kinetic analysis indicates that the oxidative degradation reaction of SMX adheres to first-order reaction kinetics under optimal reaction conditions.According to the quenching experiments and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance(EPR)tests,it has been established that·OH is the primary active species involved in the reaction.This is evidenced by the decrease in degradation efficiency from 95.4％to 22.8％following the quenching of·OH.The EPR results exhibit characteristic peaks of 1:2:2:1,consistent with the peak of·OH.Pure filtration experiments indicate that adsorption has minimal influence on the degradation of SMX.Furthermore,the Fe-PC-CNT hollow fiber membrane demonstrates ease of recyclability,retaining a degradation efficiency of 89.3％after four cycles.Additionally,the internal structure of the membrane remains stable.Notably,the energy consumption of the system is only 0.016 kW·h/m3.In summary,this research will offer an option for advanced antibiotic wastewater treatment technologies,particularly aimed at further mitigating the risks antibiotics pose to natural ecosystems.
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