为了揭示船舶修造事故特征，选取我国某著名造船集团下事故数据库中1 353份事故调查报告，结合频数统计和卡方检验(Chi-square test)、克莱姆V系数(Cramer's V coefficient)、斯皮尔曼等级相关系数(Spearman's rank correlation coefficient)等相关性检验方法，从事故严重性、时间、空间、事故涉及人员、事故类别和事故致因六个维度进行了综合分析。结果表明:船舶修造事故低危事件频发而重大事故较少，工作受限事故和损失工作日事故的数量相对较多;事故集中在第二季度，但9月的每起事故伤亡率最高;近年来，工作日平均事故率大于非工作日事故率;船体车间、机电车间、分段车间和涂装车间为事故的主要发生地;事故涉及人员中初中教育水平的人员占比超过2/3;装配工、辅助工和电焊工是涉事最多的工种;腕及手、踝及脚是最易受到伤害的部位;船舶修造事故类型与特定的作业类型密切相关，物体打击、机械伤害和高处坠落事故常发生人员伤害;事故原因中人的不安全行为占比超过77％，其中7。01(操作错误，忽视安全，忽视警告)、7。10(有分散注意力行为)和7。06(冒险进入危险场所)是主要人为因素。事故严重程度维度中的国标与国际标准两个特征之间呈现最强的显著相关关系，在事故严重程度与其他维度的特征相关性分析中，国标与事故类别、伤害方式关联性相对较强。事故部门、事故类别和肇事人员的教育水平与事故严重程度中的国标、国际标准、直接经济损失和实际损失工时四个特征均显示出相关关系，且肇事人员和受伤人员的教育水平与直接经济损失呈现负相关关系，肇事人员的教育水平与实际损失工时也是负相关。
Feature analysis of accidents in ship repair and building enterprises based on frequency statistics and correlation testing
To reveal the characteristics of accidents in ship repair and building enterprises,1 353 accident investigation reports from the database of a renowned shipbuilding group in China were analyzed.Utilizing frequency statistics and correlation testing methods—including the Chi-square test,Cramer's V coefficient,and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient—a comprehensive analysis was conducted from six dimensions:accident severity,timing,location,personnel involved,accident type,and accident cause.The results indicate that low-risk accidents in ship repair and building enterprises occur frequently,with fewer major incidents reported.However,there is a relatively high number of work-limited accidents and lost working days.Accidents were predominantly concentrated in the second quarter,while the casualty rate for each incident was highest in September.Additionally,the frequency of injuries has shown a decreasing trend over the statistical years.In recent years,the average accident rate on working days has been higher than that on non-working days.The hull workshop,electrical workshop,section workshop,and painting workshop are the primary locations where accidents occur.Notably,more than 2/3 of the personnel have only attained a junior high school education level.Assembly workers,auxiliary workers,and welders are the most commonly involved types of personnel in accidents.The wrist,hand,ankle,and foot are the most vulnerable body parts.The types of accidents are closely linked to specific operations.Striking by objects,mechanical injuries,and falls from heights frequently result in personal injuries.Furthermore,unsafe human behavior accounts for over 77％of accident causes,with key factors including operational errors,neglect of safety protocols,disregard for warnings,distractions,and unauthorized entry into hazardous areas.There is a strong significant correlation between the Chinese and international standards in the dimension of accident severity.In the correlation analysis of accident severity with other dimensions,the relationship between the Chinese standard and both accident type and injury mode is particularly pronounced.The department involved in the accident,the type of accident,and the education level of the perpetrator are all associated with four characteristics:the Chinese standard,the international standard,direct economic loss,and the actual loss of working hours in relation to accident severity.The education levels of both the perpetrator and the injured person are negatively correlated with direct economic loss,while the education level of the perpetrator is also negatively correlated with the actual loss of working hours.
safety engineeringship repair and buildingaccident featuresChi-square testCramer's V coefficientSpearman's rank correlation coefficient
万方数据
维普
