Development trend and status of international research in geoengineering:a case study of glacier protection
Geoengineering,as a potential avenue for tackling climate change,seeks to address global climate change scenarios,manage the pace of global warming,and counteract human-induced impacts on the climate.This paper,utilizing bibliometrics,systematically dissects the trajectory of international research in the realm of geoengineering,shedding light on scientific and technological frontiers through metrics such as publication num-bers,global collaboration,and frequently employed terms.In recent years,the overall global scientific research in the field of geoengineering has shown a growing trend,and countries such as China,the United States of America and the United Kingdom are in a world-leading position in this field,with strong scientific research lev-el.Geoengineering research predominantly resides in the realm of model simulation and assessment at this junc-ture.A significant portion of the research lacks tangible,analyzed data,and some geoengineering methods and technologies probably pose potential threats to the natural environment and society.Solar radiation management technologies stand out as potentially menacing to global and regional climate patterns,while carbon dioxide re-moval technologies are marked by unintended environmental consequences and uncertainty regarding their long-term impacts on the Earth's climate system.Furthermore,glacier geoengineering is emerging as a focal point in the cryosphere discipline and the broader field of global change.Applied research in this domain has commenced in polar ice caps and select mountain glaciers,guided by geoengineering principles.However,the majority of efforts involve numerical simulations and scenario design,with only a handful of field experiments conducted.Looking ahead,the trajectory of geoengineering research will pivot towards securing financial and technical sup-port for experimental endeavors.This shift aims to enhance modeling capabilities and furnish empirical and theo-retical foundational data for technical analyses.This evolution is expected to facilitate the transition of geoengi-neering from its current phase of model simulation to large-scale commercial demonstration.The development of geoengineering requires ethical and moral guidance,combined with energy transformation strategy in China,and may be based on international cross-disciplinary cooperation development and deployment to help protect the environment and improve human well-being.
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