冻土路基的稳定性对于寒区公路与铁路的安全运营至关重要.为全面了解冻土路基领域的研究现状及发展趋势,利用知识图谱工具CiteSpace对中国知网和Web of Science数据库中冻土路基相关文献进行了可视化分析.检索时间范围为2000年1月1日—2023年8月31日,共纳入1027篇中文文献和854篇英文文献.结果表明:自2000年以来,冻土路基研究的发文量总体呈增长趋势;从2017年开始,英文文献的发布数量逐渐超过中文文献,其中我国学者在国际期刊的发文量占到80％左右;国内研究机构之间合作较为密切,以中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院和北京交通大学为核心的科研机构及院校在冻土路基的研究中起着主导作用,而国际机构间的合作还有待加强.关键词聚类与突现图谱表明,冻土路基的研究主要围绕多年冻土路基的稳定性、路基病害与补强措施、季节冻土路基的病害防治展开.近几年,冻土专家学者们聚焦于新型路基稳定措施,路基的水、汽迁移机理,以及高铁路基的冻胀防治研究,新材料、新技术及新结构不断被引入到冻土路基研究.未来随着新能源、材料学、人工智能、合成孔径雷达干涉测量(InSAR)等新一代技术与机械化的融合,冻土路基的稳定性补强措施和季节冻土路基的防冻胀措施会在提高效果的同时更加注重环保理念,冻土路基的施工、管理及监测也会不断向着数字化和智能化发展.
Analysis of research status and development trends of frozen soil roadbeds based on CiteSpace knowledge mapping
The stability of permafrost roadbeds is crucial for the safe operation of highways and railroads in cold regions. In order to comprehensively understand the current research status and development trend in the field of frozen soil roadbeds,CiteSpace was used to visualize and analyze the literature related to permafrost and season-ally frozen subgrade in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Web of Science databases. CiteSpace is a citation space metrics analysis tool that can help clarify the research trajectory,hot topics,and di-rection of development in a particular research area. Our search time range was from January 1,2000 to August 31,2023,and a total of 1027 Chinese and 854 English documents were included. The current status and trend of research on permafrost roadbeds were illustrated by interpreting and analyzing the mapping of the number of publications,the mapping of authors' cooperation relationship,the mapping of institutions' cooperation rela-tionship,the mapping of keyword clustering,and the mapping of keyword clustering timeline in the past five years. The results show that:since 2000,the publication volume of permafrost roadbed research has been on an overall growth trend. Starting from 2017,the number of English literatures gradually exceeded Chinese litera-tures,of which the publications of Chinese scholars in international journals accounted for about 80％. The coop-eration between domestic research institutions is closer. As the core research institutions,the Northwest Institute of Ecology and Environmental Resources of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing Jiaotong University have formed a good cooperative relationship with other institutions,and have an important position in the jour-nals concerning frozen soil roadbeds both at domestic and abroad. Among the foreign research institutions,La-val University and University of Manitoba in Canada have close cooperation. However,the cooperation between international institutions needs to be strengthened. The keyword clustering mapping shows that the research top-ics of permafrost roadbeds include three main topics,which are the stability of perennial permafrost roadbeds,the temperature field of permafrost roadbeds,and the diseases and prevention of roadbeds under freeze-thaw cy-cles. The successful operation of Qinghai-Tibet Railway has fully proved that active cooling measures such as thermosyphon,duct-ventilated embankments and crushed rock embankment can effectively maintain the stability of roadbed in perennial permafrost area. But the cooling effect of individual cooling techniques is limited in warm and ice-rich permafrost zones and wide roadbeds for highways;in these cases,stability requires composite roadbeds or new,more effective roadbed constructions. In the seasonal frozen soil area,the frost heave mechan-ics and engineering measures of roadbed are the emphasis of research. Three measures are usually used to pre-vent frost heave:soil replacement method,water proof and drainage,and heat insulation. On researching hot is-sues,permafrost experts and scholars have focused on the research of water and vapor migration mechanism of roadbed,frost heave prevention and control of high-speed rail roadbed,and new roadbed stabilization measures in permafrost region. New materials and technologies are constantly introduced into the research of frozen soil roadbed. Ground source heat pump technology,solar energy,etc. have been proved to be applied to the stabili-ty protection of roadbeds. Environmentally friendly materials such as ionic curing agent,microbial conditioning and fiber reinforced materials can be used as external admixtures to improve the freeze-thaw resistance of soil. In the future,with the integration of new generation technologies such as material science,BIM,artificial intelli-gence,new energy,interferometry synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) with mechanization,the stability reinforc-ing measures for permafrost roadbeds and the anti-freeze-thaw measures for seasonal permafrost roadbeds will be more environmentally friendly while improving the effect. The construction,management and monitoring of per-mafrost roadbeds will also continue to evolve towards digitalization and intelligence.
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