首页|基于SHAW模型的祁连山浅山区荒漠草地土壤水热动态模拟研究

基于SHAW模型的祁连山浅山区荒漠草地土壤水热动态模拟研究

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祁连山是我国重要的生态安全屏障，其浅山区是连接高寒山区与绿洲平原的过渡地带，土壤水热变化显著影响该区生态系统与水文过程的相互作用。本文利用祁连山浅山区荒漠草地的观测资料，基于SHAW模型对土壤水热动态进行了模拟和分析，利用控制变量法量化了不同冻融阶段气温和降水变化对土壤温度和水分的影响。结果表明:模型模拟的各层土壤温度纳什效率系数(NSE)均大于0。95，且土层越深模拟效果越好，模型模拟的土壤水分总体上能反映土壤水分的动态变化和浅层土壤中降水的入渗过程。不同冻融阶段土壤水热分布的剖面特征差异明显，总体而言，土壤温度波动随深度逐渐变小，而土壤水分随深度逐渐升高，浅层土壤水热过程对气象要素变化更敏感。情景分析表明，气温每升高1。0℃，土壤冻结发展期、完全冻结期和融化发展期分别缩短1。4d、0。8d和2。2d，表层和深层土壤温度分别升高0。6℃和0。1℃，土壤温度升高的幅度随深度减小。降水的变化对完全融化期0。20～1。20m的土壤水分影响最显著，对融化发展期和冻结发展期的影响体现在0。20～0。60m的浅层土壤，而对完全冻结期的土壤未冻水含量基本没有影响。研究结果可为气候变化背景下祁连山浅山区脆弱生态系统的稳定性维持提供参考。
Simulation study on the soil hydro-thermal dynamics of desert grassland in the shallow mountainous area of Qilian Mountains based on the SHAW model
The Qilian Mountains serve as a significant ecological security barrier of China. The shallow moun-tainous area of Qilian Mountains is the transition zone that connecting the alpine mountain area and the oasis plain of Hexi corridor. The soil hydro-thermal change is of great importance to maintain the stability of the frag-ile ecosystem in this region. In this study,the SHAW model was used to simulate the soil temperature and mois-ture dynamics of the desert grassland in the shallow mountains of Qilian Mountains. The influence of tempera-ture and precipitation variation on soil temperature and moisture in different freezing-thawing stages was quanti-fied by using one-factor-one-time method. The findings indicated that the NSE of the simulated soil temperature in each layer was larger than 0.95,and the simulation performance improved with the increasing in soil depth. The simulated soil moisture could still capture the pattern of soil moisture fluctuation and the rainfall-infiltration process in shallow soil. It should be noted that the distinct freezing-thawing stages result in varied soil tempera-ture and moisture distribution profile features. The soil moisture increased with the increasing in soil depth,while,the variation of soil temperature was gradually diminished. The hydro-thermal process of shallow soil was more sensitive to changes in the surface weather conditions than that in the deep soil. The scenario analysis indicated when the temperature increases by 1.0 ℃,the freezing development stage,the complete freezing stage and thawing development stage was shorten by 1.4 days,0.8 days and 2.2 days respectively,meanwhile,the temperature in surface and deep layer were increased by 0.6 ℃ and 0.1 ℃ respectively,and the range of the in-crease in soil temperature was decreased with the increasing in soil depth. The impact of precipitation variation on soil moisture at 0.20～1.20 m is most pronounced during the complete thawing stage,and only responded in the shallow soil at 0.20～0.60 m during the freezing development stage and the thawing development stage,while it is basically not effect on unfrozen water content in the complete freezing stage. These findings can pro-vide reference for maintaining the stability of the fragile ecosystem in the shallow mountainous area of Qilian Mountains under the background of climatic change in the future.

the shallow mountainous area of Qilian MountainsSHAW modelsoil temperaturesoil moistureclimatic change

李乃玉、吴丽丽、杨林山、冯起、卢调雪、温小虎、尹振良

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甘肃农业大学,甘肃 兰州 730070

中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,甘肃 兰州 730000

祁连山浅山区 SHAW模型 土壤温度 土壤水分 气候变化

国家自然科学基金项目国家自然科学基金项目中国工程科技发展战略甘肃研究院咨询研究项目中国科学院青促会会员项目民生科技专项(科技特派员专题)甘肃省科技计划项目

4200103552379030GS2022ZDI03202243520CX9NA09522JR10KA006

2024

10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2024.0079

冰川冻土
中国地理学会 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所

冰川冻土

CSTPCD
影响因子：2.546
ISSN：1000-0240
年,卷(期)：2024.46(3)
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