A review of heavy metal migration transformation and remediation in cold region soils
With the gradual expansion of the scale of resource development and engineering construction in the cold region,it will lead to the continuous entry of excessive heavy metals into the cold biosphere,which in turn will affect the soil ecological environment in the cold region. In this paper,we review five aspects of soil heavy metal sources and emissions,spatial distribution,migration patterns,transformation mechanisms,and remedia-tion and treatment in cold regions through literature review. Soil heavy metals in cold regions are significantly af-fected by human activities,among which industrial emissions,transport,mining development and agricultural activities are important sources of soil heavy metals in cold regions. In addition,natural factors also have impor-tant contributions to the content of heavy metals in soil,mainly including permafrost degradation and soil weath-ering. Heavy metals have different distribution characteristics in the soil and are easy to migrate,which mainly depends on two factors,human activities and soil parent material,the nature of the soil,the properties of the heavy metals themselves and the external environment also play a role in the distribution and migration of heavy metals,Soil properties and characteristics of heavy metals themselves mainly affect the distribution and migra-tion of local heavy metals. The climate environment can make heavy metals carry on long-distance transmission,and then affect the distribution and migration of heavy metals. Heavy metals entering the soil can have different degrees of influence on soil texture,soil temperature,soil hydrology and vegetation,etc. However,there are currently limited research findings on the remediation of heavy metals in cold region soils. Although remediation methods such as solidification and stabilization,biochar and drenching can be used for remediation of heavy met-al contamination in some cold-region soils,the influence of seasonal temperature changes on the remediation ef-fect needs to be considered. In view of the impact of heavy metals on the ecological environment of cold-region soils and the difficulty in the remediation of soil heavy metal pollution,future research needs to continue to strengthen the monitoring of heavy metals in cold-region soils,safety risk assessment and timely and necessary remediation and treatment,in order to prevent excessive heavy metals from entering the cold region and causing harm to the cold-region soil environment.
cold regionsoil heavy metalsspatial distributionmigration transformationremediation and treatment
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