基于已有研究的综述和近期工作，收集和梳理了 2013-2023年冰川物质平衡已有成果，归纳得到了目前常用的冰川物质平衡研究方法及模型，并总结了我国冰川物质平衡研究现状。结果表明:目前常用的冰川物质平衡研究方法可分为三类，分别为传统冰川学方法、影像大地测量法及卫星重力监测法。此外，还有一种以建立物质平衡(冰川积累和消融代数和)与气象要素变化之间关系为核心的冰川平衡模式，这种基于能量平衡方程的模式称为冰川物质平衡模型，在研究中可将其分为三类，分别为冰川平衡半经验模型——度日因子模型、能量-平衡模型以及冰流模型、物质平衡模型的耦合模型——开放全球冰川模型(OGGM)。在全球气候变暖的影响下，中国冰川整体呈现负平衡趋势和区域差异性。其中，祁连山老虎沟12号冰川物质亏损尤为强烈，1991-2020年累计损失-71 760 mm w。e。;昆仑山区域早期物质平衡相对稳定，后逐渐出现负平衡，马兰山东段冰川于2000-2020年累计损失-300～-180 mm w。e。;天山区域整体受气温影响较大，负平衡趋势显著，玛纳斯河流域内冰川在2000-2016年间累计损失-9 811。19 mm w。e。，天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川在1956-2016年间累计损失-17 351。5 mm w。e。;唐古拉山区域物质平衡变化与昆仑山区域变化相似，但其负平衡较昆仑山区域更为显著，冬克玛底河流域内冰川在1966-2015年内累计损失-7 550 mm w。e。;喜马拉雅区域冰川有轻微负平衡状态，羊卓雍措两岸冰川在1987-2021年累计损失-930 mm w。e。;阿尔泰山冰川整体为负平衡状态，2000-2010年的亏损程度要大于2010年后的亏损程度。
Research progress on glacier mass balance in China during 2013-2023
Based on a review of existing studies and recent work,this paper collects and organizes research find-ings on glacier mass balance from 2013 to 2023.It summarizes the current methods and models commonly used in glacier mass balance research and reviews the status of such research in China.The results indicate the follow-ing:The commonly used methods for glacier mass balance research can be classified into three categories:tradi-tional glaciological methods,geodetic imaging methods,and satellite gravity monitoring methods.Additional-ly,glacier balance models,which focus on the relationship between glacier mass balance(the algebraic sum of accumulation and ablation)and meteorological variables,have been developed.These models are based on ener-gy balance equations and can be further divided into three subcategories:semi-empirical glacier balance models-degree-day models,energy-balance models,and coupled glacier flow and mass balance models,such as the Open Global Glacier Model(OGGM).Under the influence of global warming,glaciers in China exhibit an overall negative mass balance trend with significant regional variations.Specifically:The No.12 Glacier in Lao-hugou,Qilian Mountains,experienced a severe mass deficit,with a cumulative loss of-71 760 mm w.e.be-tween 1991 and 2020.The Kunlun Mountains initially showed relatively stable mass balance,but a negative trend has emerged in recent years.For example,glaciers in the eastern Malan Mountains lost-300 to-180 mm w.e.from 2000 to 2020.Glaciers in the Tianshan Mountains are significantly affected by temperature changes,showing a pronounced negative mass balance trend.For instance,glaciers in the Manas River basin lost-9 811.19 mm w.e.from 2000 to 2016,while the Urumqi Glacier No.1 lost-17 351.5 mm w.e.from 1956 to 2016.Glaciers in the Tanggula Mountains exhibit changes in mass balance similar to those in the Kunlun Moun-tains but with a more pronounced negative trend.Glaciers in the Dongkemadi River basin lost-7 550 mm w.e.from 1966 to 2015.In the Himalayas,glaciers show a slight negative mass balance.For example,glaciers in the Yamdrok Lake basin experienced a cumulative loss of-930 mm w.e.from 1987 to 2021.Glaciers in the Al-tai Mountains also exhibit a negative mass balance,with greater losses observed during 2000-2010 compared to the post-2010 period.
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