Epidemiology and Molecular Characterization of Coxsackievirus A6 in Shenzhen,China,2020-2022
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and molecular characteristics of coxsackievirus A6(CVA6)associated with hand foot and mouth disease(HFMD)in Shenzhen,China during the epidemic period of COVID-19(2020-2022)in order to provide scientific basis for effective prevention of HFMD.A total of 1733 clinical specimens from the sentinel surveillance system for HFMD were collected between 2020 and 2022 and reposited at Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention.A real-time RT-PCR method was used to detect enterovirus RNA.A total of 108 CVA6-positive samples distributed in different months were randomly selected for VP1 full-length gene amplification and sequencing.Bioinformatics softwares were used to analyze the molecular phylogeny and amino acid variation of CVA6.Of the 1733 samples,1627 were EV positive(94.65％,1627/1733);1042 were CVA6 positive(60.13％,1042/1733).From 2020 to 2022,the main pathogen of HFMD was CVA6,and the detection rates were 88.34％(341/386),49.93％(382/765)and 67.02％(319/476),respectively.The 77 CVA6 strains determined in this study shared 91.8％-100％nucleotide similarity and 97.2％-100％amino acid similarity.Nineteen(7.20％,19/264)amino acid polymorphism sites were found among the 77 VP1 sequences.Phylogenetic analysis based on VP1 sequence showed that 77 CVA6 strains from this study belonged to D3a genotype,but clustered in the two distinct clades.The two amino acid difference sites(L15P and V173I)were observed between these two clades.CVA6 was the major pathogen causing HFMD in Shenzhen,China from 2020 to 2022,and it was predominant type in 2020.CVA6 circulating in Shenzhen,China belonged to the prevalent sub-genotype D3a,and exhibited a certain degree of genetic diversity.
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