Monkeypox is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by monkeypox virus.Monkeypox virus was named since it was isolated from cynomolgus monkeys with acne rash in 1958.In the 20th century,monkeypox virus mostly distributed in tropical rainforest areas of central and Africa.In the 21st century,as world trade and population circulation increased,monkeypox has become increasingly popular in the world and caused rapid interpersonal transmission,resulting in rapid outbreaks of monkeypox in other non-epidemic monkeypox countries.Monkeypox poses a major threat to human life safety,and poses a challenge to the prevention and control of the global monkeypox epidemic.In this paper,the epidemiology and biological characteristics of monkeypox virus,the application of monkeypox virus in different animal models to study the virological,immunological and pathological mechanisms of monkeypox and the establishment of experimental animal models and the prevention of vaccines and drugs are introduced.It is helpful to actively prevent monkeypox epidemic and accelerate the development of vaccines ordrugs specific to monkeypox.
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