Transcriptomic Analysis of the Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Drug Emetine Inhibiting HCoV-OC43
We aimed to investigate the timing of the antiviral effects of emetine and its mechanism of action on the human coronavirus OC43(HCoV-OC43).First,we established an extracellular infection-and-replication curve for HCoV-OC43 in MRC-5 cells and determined the half-maximal effective concentration(EC50)and concentration required to reduce cell viability by 50％(CC50)of emetine.Emetine inhibited HCoV-OC43 replication in MRC-5 cells effectively during the early stages of infection.Transcrip tome analysis revealed that HCoV-OC43 infection and emetine treatment led to a disorder in host-gene expression while activating antiviral pathways.Emetine could enhance host resistance to viruses by activating antiviral genes such as OASL,Mx1,and IFIT2.Also,by inhibiting TMEM41B expression,emetine could further affect HCoV-OC43 replication.These findings hold important implications for exploring the mechanism and potential targets of emetine as an anti-coronavirus drug.
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