Genotypic and Molecular Characterization of Sapovirus in Sewage in Jinan,China from 2020 to 2022
Sapovirus(SaV)can infect humans of all ages.It is an important pathogen that causes sporadic outbreaks of viral gastroenteritis.SaV has a high genetic diversity.To understand the prevalence of human SaV and its genotype diversity in eastern China,36 sewage samples were collected and treated in Jinan City,(Shandong Province,China)from January 2020 to December 2022.Thirty-three(91.67％)sewage samples were positive for the human SaV genome according to real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR).Sixteen samples(44.4％)were positive in a nested reverser transcription-PCR on partial VP1 sequence of capsids by electrophoresis.Seven genotypes were identified by next-generation sequencing(NGS)and analyses of the amplification products.They belonged to the genogroups of GⅠ,GⅡ and GV,including five major genotypes(GⅠ.1,GⅠ.2,GⅠ.6,GⅡ.1,and GV.1)and two uncommon genotypes(GⅡ.3 and GⅡ.5).During the study period,the dominant genotype changed from GⅠ.2 to GⅠ.1 around April 2021.Phylogenetic analysis based on partial VP1 sequences showed local and foreign sequences clustered in some branches,and they had close genetic relationships.We detailed the molecular epidemiological characteristics of SaV in the 3 years of the coronavirus disease-2019 epidemic.We showed that monitoring of environmental sewage based on NGS:(i)has greatly improved understanding of the prevalence of human SaV;(ii)is very important for further research on the distribution and prevalence of SaV in China.
Human sapovirusEnvironmental monitoringNext-generation sequencingMolecular epidemiology
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NSTL
万方数据
