Pathogen Composition and Gene Evolutionary Analysis at the End of Acute Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis Epidemic in Guangdong Province,China in 2023
In this paper,the pathogen composition and molecular characteristics at the end of the acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis(AHC)epidemic in Guangdong Province,China in 2023 were analyzed,in attempts to provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of AHC.In this study,a total of 81 conjunctival swab samples were collected from AHC patients,and nucleic acid detection for human enterovirus 70(HEV70),coxsackievirus A24 variant(CVA24v)and adenovirus(AdV)was performed with real-time quantitative PCR(qPCR).The viruses were isolated using HEp-2 cells,followed by PCR amplification and gene sequencing.Genetic evolutionary analysis was conducted using Mega11 and BioEdit software,the three-dimensional structure of VP1 protein was analyzed through SWISS-MODEL,and the B cell epitopes of VP1 protein were examined using IEDB.The qPCR results show that in the 81 eye swab samples,there are 81 negative EV70 samples,20 positive CVA24v samples and 16 positive AdV samples.were used to 8 CVA24v strains were successfully isolated using HEp-2 cells.Molecular sequencing analysis shows 8 CVA24v strains at the end stage of the 2023 AHC epidemic have 7 nucleotide mutations in the 3C zone,including a shared synonymous mutation C→T at site 309.There are 19 mutations in the VP1 zone,where 7 strains share a synonymous mutation T→C at site 30.Furthermore,a full-genome sequence of a CVA24v strain was obtained and found to have 24 nucleotide and 3 amino acid mutations,which were different from the virus strains at the early stage of the epidemic.In this study,three new mutation sites were identified at the end of the current epidemic by analyzing the 3D structure of the VP1 protein,of which T98A and A146T sites are located on the protein surface and are involved in forming the antigenic determinant cluster.The results imply a co-epidemic of CVA24v and AdV at the end stage of the epidemic,in contrast to the early stage dominated by CVA24v.This discovery is crucial for understanding the viral variation and epidemic dynamics.
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