Progress of Research on Variation of Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)has been circulating for more than four years since its discovery.Infection in SARS-CoV-2 may cause human health problems,taking serious burden to the public health and medical systems,and having significant social impacts.The SARS-CoV-2 vaccines that were developed early were very effective.However,as the SARS-CoV-2 spread among people,the virus evolved constantly and rapidly.In the past three years,multiple variants have simultaneously spread around the world.Today,the emerging Omicron lineage of COVID-19 is rapidly producing substitutes through point mutations and recombination that evade neutralizing antibodies against COVID-19.The spike protein is an antigen that mainly induces the production of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2.Mapping its mutation characteristics and studying its biological characteristics will not only help us understand how the virus antigen evolves,but also evaluate and predict whether immune escape occurs in different SARS-CoV-2 variation lineages.In this review,we will focus on the evolutionary variations of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and subsequent changes in its biological characteristics-.
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