Digital toponym represents the informatization of toponym services, including the collection and extraction of toponyms and addresses, processing and database building, result transformation, address matching, data visualization, and data sharing and application. The authors in this paper considered that the main methods of automatic collection of toponym and address data are the extraction of toponyms from topographic maps and satellite images by mathematical models and artificial intelligence. The recognition and extraction of urban landmarks, as well as the recognition of Chinese information and spatial locations are relatively easy, but the deep-level address entity recognition at the semantic level still has problems. The address resolution method needs to be improved, and big data and artificial intelligence are the solutions. The methods of extracting the address of non-landmarks and discontinuous addresses of spatial distribution need to be studied. It is an urgent problem to establish a fast data exchange standard for toponyms and addresses. In the aspect of address matching, segmentation statistics and artificial intelligence are the main methods, but they all have limitations. More address classification indicates a better matching effect. The determination of toponyms in outer space needs to keep pace with or exceed the development of the aerospace industry in China. Rules for the transliteration of toponyms in each minority language are needed, and guidelines for the translation and spelling of toponyms for the G20, BRICS, and countries along the Belt and Road need to be strengthened. There are some intersections in the classification of toponyms, and no scientific method is available for address classification. The cultural heritage of Chinese toponyms and the culture of toponyms for countries along the Belt and Road are hot spots in the research on toponym culture. The cultural connotation of modern toponyms needs further attention, and there is still a long way to go to protect historical toponyms and make the past toponyms serve the present. The perfect toponym and address combined with commercial navigation software have solved the problem of disorientation.
万方数据
维普
