The Difficulties of Kant's Doctrine of Things in Themselves and Their Solutions
The whole of Kant's(康德)philosophy was based on his doctrine of things in themselves(物本身).According to this doctrine,the things we know are only what things in themselves appear to us,while things in themselves are unknown to us.However,all our knowledge is based on our senses which are affected by things in themselves.But how do things in themselves causally affect our senses beyond time and space?What's more,according to a classical view of individuation,there exists only one thing in itself beyond time and space,while Kant thinks that there exist many and even infinite things in themselves.Schopenhauer(叔本华)criticized Kant's doctrine of things in themselves systematically,putting forth his famous theory of the world as representations and the will.According to this theory,the origin and essence of the world can only be one,and can only be the will in his sense,and all things in the world are objectifications of this will.However,Schopenhauer's theory also faced many difficulties.The most important one of these is how the will without any distinctions has blind urges and endless desires.The origin and essence of the world,according to me,can only be the absolute one(至一),i.e.,the one beyond the distinction of one and many,while Zhuangzi'(庄子)Tao(道),is just the absolute one.
thing in itself/things in themselveswillrepresentationthe absolute oneTao
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