Anda manuscript"Zhongni Says"and Re-examination of"Junzi shendu"
A recent publication of Anda manuscript"Zhongni says"discusses the concept of shendu 慎独 and explicitly relates it to"what people cannot hear and what people cannot see",which discusses du in relation to being alone by oneself.This shows the difference between"neng weiyi"in*"Wu Xing"and"cheng qi yi"in Da Xue.The meanings of shendu change from its original meaning,i.e.,being cautious when alone,towards its extended meaning,i.e.being cautious with one's mind.The reason for such a change is that being cautious alone physically requires moral discipline and inner moral consciousness.Such a kind of shendu,therefore,changes the focus of being physically alone towards one's mind and consciousness.Pre-Qin and Han scholars not only care about its original meaning but also its extended meaning,as well as the combination of these two connotations.This complicates the meaning of shendu.Zhen Xuan and Zhu Xi's commentaries provide incomplete explanations of this concept.To fully grasp the meaning of this term,we need to take into account the"butong"discussions during the Mawangdui manuscript time,"xiangtong"discussion during the Guodian manuscript time,towards"fazhan"discussion during the Anda manuscript time.
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