The Systematic Tension Between the Study on Heaven and Human and the Theory of Mind-Nature,and Their Integration:A Study on the Intellectual Path and Significance of Zhang Shi's Thought from the Civilizational Perspective
After Zhu Xi(朱熹)departed from the Daonan School(道南学派)and developed his own theory of cultivation(工夫论),he constructed an ontology based on An Explanation of the Interpretation of Tai Chi Diagram(《太极图说解》).This ontology completed a systematic jigsaw puzzle,made up of"principle"(ontology),"nature-emotion"(theory of cultivation)and sagehood(realm).Zhang Shi(张栻)continued the historical traditions of Explanations of the Book of Change(《易传》)and Spring and Autumn Annals(《春秋》).Upon realizing the difference between his own ontology and Zhu Xi's theory of mind-nature(心性之学),Zhang Zhi incorporated some aspects of Zhu Xi's theory and wrote the Interpretation of Tai Chi(《太极解义》).Zhang Zhi's interpretation provided a targeted analysis of Zhou Dunyi's(周敦颐)The Interpretation of Tai Chi Diagram(《太极图说》)on the basis of the principles of Explanations of the Book of Change.In doing so,he maintained and upheld the traditional Confucian structure of"Heaven,Nature-Mind,and Heaven-Earth Integration".The significance of this work has long been overlooked and misunderstood,partly due to the early death of Zhang Shi,leaving his ideas incomplete.Furthermore,the editing of Zhang Shi's works by Zhu Xi and the account of their intellectual relationship have also contributed to the misunderstanding of Zhang Shi's ideas.From the perspective of civilization studies,this paper not only helps clarify Zhang Shi's intellectual image and the relationship between the study of Huxiang School(湖湘学)and Neo-Confucianism,but also enables us to confront the theoretical tension between the Four Books and the Five Classics,and reconstruct the unity of Confucianism as a whole.
Zhang Shi(张栻)Zhu Xi(朱熹)The Interpretation of Tai Chi(《太极解义》)study of Heaven and humantheory of mind-nature
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