"The Debate Between Zhu Xi and Wang Yangming"in the Late Ming Dynasty:Observed from Guan Zhidao's Annotation and Interpretation of Great Learning
As a mainstayscholar among the followers of Wang Yangming School of Thought(阳明学派)in the Late Ming Dynasty,Guan Zhidao(管志道)pursued the academic path to participate in and respond to the"debate between Zhu Xi(朱熹)and Wang Yangming(王阳明)"as a national academic topic by starting from Great Learning(《大学》)in accordance with the consensus of the academia.He devoted himself to the annotation of Great Learning,and successively completed the Revision of the Interpretation of the Chapters and Sentences of the Ancient-edition Great Learning(《重订古本大学章句合释文》),the Meaning Differentiation of the Ancient-edition Great Learning(《古本大学辨义》),and the Interpretation of the Ancient-edition Great Learning Engraved on a Stone Tablet(《石经大学测义》).He stood out in the late Ming Dynasty for his rich writings and diverse styles.As to the text of Great Learning,Guan Zhidao rejected Zhu Xi's Chapters and Sentences of Great Learning(《大学章句》),and didn't follow the ancient-edition Great Learning which was highly praised by Wang Yangming.Instead,he enriched and supplemented Great Learning Engraved on a Stone Tablet,forming a distinctive revised-edition Great Learning by Guan Zhidao(管氏改本).As to the argumentation of Great Learning,Guan argued both Zhu Xi and Wang Yangming,reiterated that the main purpose of Great Learning was to narrate"the affairs of emperors"rather than"the learning of scholars and common people",and formed his academic standpoint of"mutual negation and mutual adoption between Zhu Xi and Wang Yangming(双谴双取朱、王)"around the"three principles and eight measures"(三纲八目).which constituted the framework of Great Learning.Guan Zhidao's response to the epochal trend of thought by his interpretation of classics showed that the debate between Zhu Xi and Wang Yangming in the late Ming Dynasty had formed a mutually complementary relationship with the interpretation of classics.And especially,he guided the academic program of"mutual negation and mutual adoption",which had become a relatively objective and feasible path to the solution of the"debate between Zhu Xi and Wang Yangming",thus providing a lively and vivid case for us to construct the theoretical prospect of the"debate between Zhu Xi and Wang Yangming",and even to use for reference the academic pattern of the late Ming Dynasty.
Guan Zhidao(管志道)Great Learning(《大学》)Late Ming Dynastydebate between Zhu Xi and Wang Yangming(朱、王之争)mutual negation and mutual adoption
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