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水土平衡的生境营造模式及其工程应用

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对我国农业生产中的 23 种理水造田智慧进行梳理,总结其处理水土关系的方法,发现通过就地填挖土方,将雨水径流进行收集或分离,在局部与土壤形成一种动态稳定的互生互养关系,是营造可种植生境的核心.在此基础上,提炼出"挖凹以集蓄塑造汇水区、堆凸以分流塑造分水岭"的两种生境营造模式.依据地形坡度与河水淹没范围之间的动态关系,提出两种生境营造模式在流域尺度的空间分布范式——多尺度分水岭-汇水区的嵌套结构.将两种生境营造模式应用于生态修复工程实践,证明其具有处理水土平衡关系、营造可种植生境的潜力,可为当前我国的生态修复工程提供方法和技术参考.
Habitat Creation Modes Based on Balance between Water and Soil and Its Application in Ecological Restoration Engineering
Methods for regulating the relationship between water and soil were summed up in 23 traditional waterscape and farmland design wisdom.Creating a reciprocal and mutually reinforcing relationship between water and soil in local area is the core of creating habitats through collection and diversion of water by cutting and filling earthwork.Moreover,two habitat creation modes,named collection mode and diversion mode,were put forward.Collection mode means building water catchment by cutting earthwork in land slope.Diversion mode means building dividing ridge by filling earthwork in inundation area.At the same time,spatial distribution pattern of two modes in river basin scale was proposed based on dynamic spatial relationship between slope and runoff inundation area.It presented a multiscale mosaic structure among diverse dividing ridges and water catchments.Potential in regulating the balance between water and soil and creating habitats being suitable for planting were shown clearly by the applications in ecological engineering practices.It could provide method and technology reference for ecological engineering practices in China.

designed ecologytraditional ecological wisdomhabitat creationecological restorationnature-based solutions

王志勇、李嘉宁、彭晓、洪敏、张凯

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中国环境科学研究院, 北京 100012

北京大学景观设计学研究院, 北京 100871

北京大学城市与环境学院,北京 100871

安徽建筑大学建筑与规划学院, 合肥 230601

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设计生态 传统生态智慧 生境营造 生态修复 基于自然的解决方案

黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展联合研究(第一期)黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展联合研究(第一期)国家自然科学基金安徽高校省级人文社会科学研究重大项目

2022YRUC0101012022YRUC01060151678002SK2020ZD24

2024

10.13209/j.0479-8023.2023.092

北京大学学报(自然科学版)
北京大学

北京大学学报(自然科学版)

CSTPCD北大核心
影响因子：0.785
ISSN：0479-8023
年,卷(期)：2024.60(1)
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