In 1675,before being sent to China by the Tsar,Spafari chose two routes to penetrate deep into the hinterland of China through the Velat Mongols and the Kalkha Mongols. After departing from Moscow,Spafari chose to avoid the Velat Mongols not only because of the war in the Velat region,unfavorable natural conditions,and the political and economic advice given by Tobolsk's Christian priest Krieganich. Spafari avoided the Kalkha Mongols,and the change in attitude of the Tushetu Khan was not a decisive factor. The various problems he may face upon arriving in the northern border cities of China forced him to reconsider. He learned in Yenisysk that the commercial advantage of the Russians on this route no longer existed In the end,it prompted him to open up a new route directly to China through the Selengesk and Daur regions,which had immeasurable political and economic significance for Russia.
NETL
NSTL
万方数据
