首页|儿童友好城市视域下日本地域育儿支援事业流变及审思

儿童友好城市视域下日本地域育儿支援事业流变及审思

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日本的少子化问题和社会经济结构转变引发家庭育儿焦虑,影响生育意愿,地域育儿支援事业在此背景下应运而生.地域育儿支援事业作为日本育儿支援体系的重要一环,也是儿童友好城市建设的关键因素.20世纪80年代以来,由最初的政府单项型育儿援助,逐渐完善形成了多元主体协作下的普惠型与成长型育儿支援体系.主要通过充实地域育儿服务与保育服务、构建地域育儿支援网、开发城市儿童友好空间、完善育儿经费支援政策等举措,在一定程度上缓解了家庭育儿焦虑,对提升女性就业率、促进城市发展起到了较好的推动作用.随着社会环境的变化,日本地域育儿支援事业也面临新问题与新挑战,如志愿者数量不足、地域育儿支援工作者与监护人的信赖关系不稳固等,需要结合新形势,立足儿童视角,从法律、政府、社会等多个层面进行全方位审思与治理.
Changes and Reflections on Regional Child-rearing Support Programmes in Japan from the Perspective of Child-friendly Cities
Regional child-rearing support programs have emerged in Japan against the backdrop of the problem of childlessness and socioeconomic structural changes,which have caused anxiety about child-rearing in families,affecting the propensity to give birth.As an important part of Japan's child-rearing support system,regional child-rearing support programs are a key element in the development of child-friendly cities.Since later 1970s,the initial governmental childcare assistance has been gradually improved into a"universal"and"growth-oriented"childcare support system with the collaboration of multiple actors.Through a series of measures,including the enhancement of regional childcare services,the construction of regional childcare support information networks,the development of child-friendly spaces in cities,and the improvement of childcare funding support policies,the system has,to a certain extent,eased the anxieties of families about childcare,and has been a good catalyst for enhancing female employment and promoting urban development.In recent years,as the social environment continues to change,Japan's regional child-rearing support programme has faced some new problems and challenges,such as a shortage of volunteers and the unstable relationship of trust between regional childcare support workers and guardians.There is a need to take into account the new situation,based on children's perspective,and to conduct all-round reflection and governance at various levels,including the law,the government and the society.

Japanregional child-rearing supportchildcare friendlychild-friendly cities

罗喆、沈晓敏

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宁波幼儿师范高等专科学校教师工作部,浙江宁波 315016

华东师范大学国际与比较教育研究所,上海 200333

日本 地域育儿支援 育儿友好 儿童友好城市

浙江省教育厅一般科研项目(2022)

Y202250666

2024

比较教育研究
北京师范大学

比较教育研究

CSTPCDCSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:0.807
ISSN:1003-7667
年,卷(期):2024.46(3)
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