首页|生命政治视域下马克思与阿甘本"自由人"主体的反思与建构

生命政治视域下马克思与阿甘本"自由人"主体的反思与建构

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对人类自由而全面发展的价值诉求,是勾连马克思"自由人"理论与当代生命政治学主体理论的共同之点.生命政治的历史出场与当代发展,延续马克思对资本主义剥削实质的批判主题,延展马克思对资本主义当代形态的时代边界.马克思以历史唯物主义和政治经济学批判得出"自由人"本质为"劳动人"(homo faber),意大利左翼学者吉乔奥·阿甘本以"任意的独体"等主体性概念,开辟出西方左翼将"自由人"理解为"政治人"(homo politics)的理论路向.传统与激进主体方案的理论差异,既源于马克思"实践历史观"与阿甘本"断裂历史观"的分歧对峙,也关乎对亚里士多德与黑格尔自由观的不同借鉴.通过"以马解甘"和"以甘解马"的双重视角,突出马克思与阿甘本虽然在目标旨趣、理论背景和建构方案上存在具体差异性,但能够在"宏观主体历史科学"与"微观主体政治哲学"之间产生有效的时代对话.
Reflection and Construction of Marx and Agamben's"Free Man"Subjects From the Perspective of Biopolitics
The value appeal for the free and all-round development of human beings is the common point that connects Marx's theory of"free man"with the subject theory of contemporary biopolitics.The historical appear-ance and contemporary development of biopolitics continue the theme of Marx's critique of the essence of capit-alist exploitation and extend the boundaries of Marx's contemporary form of capitalism.Marx used historical ma-terialism and political economy to critique the essence of"free man"as"homo faber",and the Italian left-wing scholar Giorgio Agamben used the concept of subjectivity such as"whatever singularity"to open up the theoret-ical direction of the Western left to understand"free man"as"political man"(homo politics).The theoretical dif-ferences between the traditional and radical subject schemes not only due to the confrontation between Marx's"practical view of history"and Agamben's"fractured view of history",but also related to the different refer-ences to Aristotle's and Hegel's conceptions of freedom.Through the dual perspectives of"using Marx to solve Agamben"and"using Agamben to solve Marx",it is highlighted that although there are specific differences between Marx and Agamben in terms of goals,theoretical backgrounds and construction schemes,they can pro-duce an effective dialogue between"macro subject historical science"and"micro subject political philosophy".

historical materialismcommunity of freely associated individualsarbitrary monolithtime re-mainingfree and conscious labor

林海璇、吴苑华

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中国社会科学院大学马克思主义学院,北京 102400

华侨大学马克思主义学院,厦门 361000

历史唯物主义 自由人联合体 任意的独体 剩余时间 自由自觉劳动

2025

北京科技大学学报(社会科学版)
北京科技大学

北京科技大学学报(社会科学版)

影响因子:0.444
ISSN:1008-2689
年,卷(期):2025.41(2)