摘要
空间站是一种在近地轨道长时间运行、可供多名航天员巡访、长期工作和生活的载人航天器,在密闭恒温恒湿的环境下,微生物的数量会快速增加,如果不加以控制,就会危害宇航员的身体健康,腐蚀或损坏航天器材,对航天安全产生不利的影响.通过阐明空间微生物污染的主要来源与空间微生物污染对宇航员健康和设备安全方面造成的危害,综述了各种杀菌消毒方法如高温、辐射、环氧乙烷、臭氧、超临界流体、气体等离子体、光催化氧化、自清洁表面和诱导发光聚集等的作用原理、应用场景以及各方法可否应用于空间环境的优缺点,并且对适用于空间微生物污染防控的方法进行了评价.
Abstract
The space station is a manned spacecraft that operate for extended periods in low Earth orbit,accom-modating multiple astronauts for visits,long-term living,and working.In an environment that is sealed,temper-ature-controlled,and humidity-controlled,the quantity of microbes can increase rapidly.If left uncontrolled,this can pose a threat to the health of astronauts,cause corrosion or damage to space equipment,and have adverse ef-fects on space mission safety.By elucidating the primary sources of microbial contamination in space and the hazards that such contamination poses to the health of astronauts and the safety of equipment,this review sum-marized the principles,application scenarios,and advantages and disadvantages of various sterilization and disin-fection methods for their applicability in the space environment.These methods include high temperature,radi-ation,ethylene oxide,ozone,supercritical fluids,gas plasma,photocatalytic oxidation,self-cleaning surfaces,and induced luminescence aggregation.Additionally,an evaluation of the methods suitable for the prevention and control of microbial contamination in space was provided.
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