Study on the effect of massage on skeletal muscle overuse injury in rats based on MAPK signaling pathway
Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of massage on skeletal muscle overuse injury in rats.Methods Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to the blank(8 rats)and modeling groups(24 rats)using a random number table method.A model of skeletal muscle overuse injury was induced in the modeling group using downhill running centrifugal contraction exercise for 4 weeks.The successfully modeled rats were divided into a model group,a massage group,and a Yunnan Baiyao Aerosol group,with 8 rats in each group.The 4 groups of rats were subjucted to balance beam test.After 24 h of completing the modeling,the massage group was treated with a self-made massager,while the Yunnan Baiyao Aerosol group was treated with Yunnan Baiyao Aerosol twice a day for 3 consecutive days.Twenty-four hours after the end of treatment,the four groups of rats underwent behavioral evaluation again using the beam balance test.Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe damage to the gastrocnemius muscle.The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),and 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)in plasma.Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression levels of phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(p-p38 MAPK),phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase(p-JNK),and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2(p-ERK1/2)proteins in the MAPK signaling pathway.Results Before treatment,compared to the blank group,the rats in the model group,massage group,and Yunnan Baiyao Aerosol group had a longer walking time on the balance beam and a higher number of sliding claws(P<0.05).After treatment,compared with the blank group,the model group showed longer walking time on the balance beam,increased number of sliding claws,significant infiltration of inflammatory cells in gastrocnemius muscle,increased levels of TNF-α,IL-6,5-HT,and p-p38 MAPK,p-JNK,and p-ERK1/2(P<0.05).Compared to the model group,the walking time of the balance beam in the massage group was shortened,the number of sliding claws was reduced,the number of inflammatory cells was reduced,TNF-α,IL-6,and 5-HT indices decreased,and p-p38 MAPK,p-JNK,p-ERK1/2 indices decreased(P<0.05).The Yunnan Baiyao Aerosol group showed a decrease in the number of sliding claws,fewer inflammatory cells,reduced IL-6 levels,and decreased p-JNK and p-ERK1/2(P<0.05).Compared to the massage group,the Yunnan Baiyao Aerosol group had more inflammatory cells,increased IL-6 levels,and elevated p-JNK and p-ERK1/2 levels(P<0.05).Conclusion Massage can improve chronic skeletal muscle fatigue injury,and its mechanism of action may be through inhibiting the MAPK signaling pathway,downregulating the p-ERK1/2,p-p38 MAPK,and p-JNK proteins in this pathway,indirectly affecting the release of inflammatory factors,thus reducing skeletal muscle cell damage,inhibiting the release of inflammatory mediators,and promoting skeletal muscle repair.
mitogen-activated protein kinaseskeletal muscle oveuse injurymassageYunnan Baiyao Aerosolinflammationrats
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